Benefits And Side Effects Of His Current Medication

1. What symptoms might Stan express given that he is Bi-polar and what are the benefits/side effects of his current medication? Per Stan explanation, he experienced the following symptoms and emotions from his bipolar diagnosis; anxiety, feeling alone, scared, isolated, and hopeless, feeling great about himself and then getting depressed. Stan also have a drinking problem that may contribute to mood changes. General phobias of certain peoples, social events and places. Stan grew up in a dysfunction home that caused him to be differentiated. Stan also use drugs and alcohol to self-medicate. Stan would increase or decrease in energy and function. Currently, Stan is on Depakote, Divalproex sodium, which is an antipsychotic medication used for treating Bipolar disorders (Grilly, 2012). It is a second generation medication and has been proven to be effective treatment. With the proper dosage, Depakote can reduce manic episodes and shorten hospital stay. Depakote can also help prevent future manic episodes and helps patients to live a productive life in the community. The recommended daily dose is 750 mg divided into two doses (Preston, O’Neal, Talaga, 2010). Depakote can be administered thru a time release tablet or sprinkle. Depakote also is not known to be an addictive medication. Some of the side effects of Depakote are liver problems, blood elevation, swelling, bleeding in the gum, confusion, crying, delusions, dementia, dysphoria, paranoia, labored breathing, rapidShow MoreRelatedThe Right Of Prescribe Medication For Psychologist Have Been A Major Goal Of The American Psychological Association984 Words   |  4 PagesThe right to prescribe medication for psychologist have been a hot topic in the mental health field and have been a major goal of the American Psychological Association. In fact, the American Psychological Association have established many different training programs and legislations towards achieving this goal. Today, the state of New Mexico, Louisiana, and Illinois are the three states that have approved prescription rights for psychologist, with many other state have already introduced similarRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1489 Words   |  6 Pagessleeplessness, excess energy, and excitability (National Institute). The illness of bipolar disorder has many different medications that are used in its treatment. Some medications target depressive symptoms while other medications may target symptoms of mania. Other medications are targeted towards other conditions but are also able to work as treatment for bipolar disorder. The medication, Depakote, is used as an anti-convulsant but according to Bowden (2009) Depakote has demonstrated strong evidenceRead MoreEssay On Schizophrenia946 Words   |  4 Pagestypical antipsychotics. Typical medications are the more current conventional medications used today, while the atypical medications are generally not used unless two other typical antipsychotics have been tried (Pandarakalam, 2016). Some of the overall antipsychotic medication side effects include, dry mouth, constipation, extreme fatigue, weight gain, blurred vision, and agranulocytosis (Kneisl Trigoboff, 2013). Each medication may have additional less likely side effects, but these are the mos t commonRead MoreTherapeutic Relationship : Mental Health Professionals1336 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant to him. Active listening involves asking appropriate questions, pay attention, paraphrasing, offer appropriate response to his emotions and showing interest in what he is saying. Ishii argue that patient centered care is the background of shared decision making. (Ishii et al., 2014). Ben is a compulsory client, it is important for the nurses to gain his trust, we need to empower Ben for him realise that he has the opportunity to be part of the decision making process and he is at the centreRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder: Will Help Finally Come? Essay example1206 Words   |  5 Pageshave experienced sexual assault, a traumatic accident or injury, being a prisoner of war, or participated in combat. Sadly, ever since the Iraq war, PTSD has been becoming even more widespread. Soldiers have been diagnosed with chronic PTSD and the medication has not been helping. PTSD causes a variety types of symptoms including: flashbacks, nightmares, recurring visual images of the traumatic experience, negative mood, avoiding situations that can cause a flashback, feeling disconnected from otherRead MoreDiagnosis : Major Depressive Disorder917 Words   |  4 Pages report by the requesting provider documented that the patient was unable to come to the appointment due to his physical condition and distance. Phone conversation with the patient was noted. He described his depression s mild. His sleep has been decreased. He uses CPAP machine. He enjoys being outside. He has occasional feelings of hopelessness. His energy and concentration have been fair. His appetite has decreased ad he has lost weight. He now weights 207 pounds. He denies any suicidal or homicidalRead MoreCase Study : Case Study Analysis1690 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study Adam is a 48-year-old male who was referred by his family physician. During the clinical interview, Adam reports he cannot sleep at night and feels his mind is constantly racing. He states that he often has trouble breathing and that he feels like his skin is tingling. He also states that he breaks out into cold sweats and is constantly tense. Adam reports he cannot stop worrying about certain incidents and once something is on his mind, he cannot seem to let go of it. He says he has alwaysRead MoreDrugs For The Patient That Has Diabetes Mellitus919 Words   |  4 Pagesglucose and an insulin doses while people with Type 2 can be controlled by diet and exercise and can also be managed with oral medications. There are several known medications that can be given to the patient but it all depends to the existing comorbidity. The providers should be able know the best diabetes drug with associating the risk associated with each medication. The article presents a case of the male patient who is 67 years African-American with diabetes mellitus type 2 and co-existingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of The Patient981 Words   |  4 Pagesunable to come to the appointment due to his physical condition and distance. Phone conversation with the patient was noted. He reported being frustrated that his Klonopin was not filled the last time and was feeling very anxious. He noted mild depression. He was sleeping poorly and noted 4-5 hours of sleep each night and was using a CPAP machine. He was hopeless about his future and had psychomotor agitation. However, he denied any suicidal ideations. His appetite was good and he weighed 427 poundsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease920 Words   |  4 Pagesdisease. Certain medications may help lessen the symptoms, such as memory loss and confusion but only for a limited amount of time. The Food and Drug Administration have approved the following types of medications: cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, both of these medications treat the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer s disease. (Office) Unfortunately, as Alzheimer’s advances the patient’s brain cells progressively die and connections among the cells are lost. This in turn causes his or her cognitive

The Rise of Black British Culture from Black British Music Like Reggae Free Essays

The Rise of Black British Culture from Black British Music like Reggae, Jazz, Ska to the Black British Education in Britain, seen in â€Å"Some Kind of Black† by Diran Adebayo The Black British culture is somewhat similar to that of the culture of blacks in America; however some things are more influential and seen differently in Britain than America. Black British Music is seen as very influential not only for Black British culture however for Britain music as a whole. The mixture of pop, ska, and punk had a huge impact on not only blacks in Britain however whites also. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Black British Culture from Black British Music Like Reggae or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another aspect of the Black British culture is the rise of the black culture in politics, labor, and education. Like America, blacks in the postwar Britain were discrimination against and were not welcomed with open arms; however Black British held onto their culture and earned their place in society. Black British music is very influential in Britain to most individuals in society. Through â€Å"Some Kind of Black† written by Diran Adebayo, the reader can see the influence of music in characters. Reggae, Hip Hop, and Jungle music are three types of Black British music that are very influential in Britain. Black British music contains music from performers like George Bridgetower to Billy Waters, who was more of a street performer. Black British music is developed by various influences; especially Caribbean influences, it also has been influenced by Black American styles of music like rap. Like most music, Black British music has many influences however it has its own distinctive identity and represents Black British as a whole. Reggae is one very influential type of Black British music. It was developed in Jamaica around the late 1960s and contains different styles of music like ska and rocksteady. Groups like ‘Black Roots’ were very influential in the eighties and nineties. Reggae contains various instruments from the drums and other percussions, to bass, guitars, keyboards, horns, vocals, ect. Reggae is still very popular today all around the world. Hip Hop is also a very influential factor in the Black British culture, however it represented a new generation of blacks in Britain. This type of music was seen in â€Å"Some Kind of Black’ as moving on from the generation of new immigrants to actually being born in Britain. Hip Hop started in the 1970s and became very popular in the 1980s. Most of the hip hop music in Britain was created by men and was seen as very masculine and tough. This type of music definitely impacted the perception on blacks and developed various stereotypes for the Black British society. It portrayed the criminal, gangster blacks in society, which gave society a very harsh and negative outlook on men. Also a lot of this music was concentrated on sex, or drugs. During the post war Britain era, many women were seen as objects or sex symbols and a lot of this music contained this perception of women so it definitely influenced the view of women at the time. A lot of the rappers, or individuals who were involved with hip hop were always seen with a lot of women, so the individuals who saw them as idols, were impacted by this type of behavior, which didn’t help the view of women. With the influences of music, and blacks defining their own blackness identity throughout Britain, the Black British culture has made a lot of progress in society as a whole. Like America, Black British was portrayed as invisible, criminals, and also accompanied lower positions in the labor market. However, today Black British are occupying better paid jobs, political positions, and incorporation their own identity and culture within the British society. Black British has various aspects of their culture however music is one I find very interesting and very influential to the blacks in Britain. Today, a lot of the Black British music is seen in America, also during the past this type of music impacted individuals in America, so not only is Black British culture influencing Britain, and Europe it also influences America and other countries around the world. How to cite The Rise of Black British Culture from Black British Music Like Reggae, Papers

Pain under power or kindness under conscience!

Feelings or No feelings Milgrams experiment was a fascinating thing done to a group of people resulting into more fascinating insight into the behaviors, feelings and their so called kindness. The real question of the time is to actually know and ponder upon the fact that can a common man having a decent personality can inflict pain to another person just by a command from someone in authority or not? Will he give up listening to the moral science of inner self or can risk the precious life of someone just for the heck of an experiment or by the command of a person higher in authority? The experiment was named as Obedience to Authority and yes there were mind boggling facts coming out of it. A higher per cent It was quite unbelievable that 65 per cent of people went till the maximum voltage of 450 volts which was extremely and seriously dangerous for any living person. And to an awe, this is really a dreadful and villainous face of the society. Being suppressed under authority and giving a contribution into something which is definitely harmful to another person, has become a part of peoples life and they may go to dangerous levels of giving pain to another person physically or emotionally. It is really a respect for influence, a threat of authority or something has happened to this generation? It is a million dollar question. Authority over kindness It is widely exemplified that in this age, authority surpassed humanity when it came to inflicting pain. Pain in real sense is just not physical pain which was given in the form of electric shock, but a mental stress which lead the person analyze that everybody in the surrounding has no conscience of their own, and even if there is some kindness, it is overpowered by power of the command. When put into such a situation, people tend to act opposite as what was expected. A basic sense of humanity was expected which came out in the form of dreadful results of the experiment. Some people gave up in the name of humanity, some continued after raising doubts and some were so cold that they didnt even think what they are doing! Pinch of subtle behavior Another experiment done by Sherman was a bit sigh of relief that humanity still persists in the heart of people and is just not diminished under the command of powerful personalities. It was observed that, if people were made aware of the fact that there has to be a conflict between authority and conscience, then there were results which were out were in accordance with the social ethos and moral standards and were a bit relieving for the social cause of kindness. Aware people tend to act in generous form and hence respect and go with the law of social morality and ethical behavior. A personal bend of mind Everyones behavior and attitude is unique and so would be for each unique individual. In such a dilemma of kindness and cruelty which was thought empowered by authority, one would have gone with the voice of ones soul and being sensitive would have taken a fair decision for humanity. The pain which is inflicted over others in any form remains in some corner of the heart throughout the lifetime and gives a constant reminder of ones heinous deeds. Any kind of inhumane acts hovers over the mind and makes us believe that we are the culprits. Knowledge is a boon Knowledge about moral science and being socially aware about moral reflection and introspection adds on to the ethical value of an individual and helps him taking up decisions which are in the favor of mankind and humanity. Its a matter of feelings The way a person responds to the authority and acts under the influence of the authority in opposition to the conscience and inner voice is a matter of concern in todays world which is directed towards technology, inhumanity, cold attitudes and numb feelings. The matter of feelings is to feel the pain of mankind and listen to the actual moral sense. THE COMBINED EFFECT Is there an individual stand? I am correct, I know it, but then why is everybody going against my view? They might be right and I might not be knowing some inherent fact. Lets go with the flow then! A correct personal view might be biased and overshadowed by the decision of the group and right answer might loose for a wrong one with the majority. This is the actual face of most of the people observed under an experiment. A question to ponder! The experiment of group conformity resulted into surprising facts that almost 75 per cent of people changed their answers when influenced by the group. They did not take a stand for their personal views and were guided by the decisions of the group which totally modulated their personal choices or in this case answers. The question to ponder upon is that is it really justifiable to give up individuals stance under the pressure of the group being influenced by any reason or a mix of them? Informative and Normative It is generally observed that there are majorly two reasons to give up to the groups choice. Informative theory suggests that a person changes his point of view regarding the answers of the group and pondering over the choice made by himself as wrong and believing the power of the group as topmost priority. On the other hand, normative theory is a social instinct to be a humble and acceptable part of the group with a fear that opposition might lead to disregard or seclusion. People tend to agree with the majority just a fear of not facing a ridicule or a cold views from other members. There is also a feeling of being foolish in the flock. Social inclusion and Lonely seclusion Human being is definitely a social animal and the inherent instinct to be a part of the society triggers a level of conformation even for the matters which might be incorrect to the inner sense. The haunting feeling of social seclusion drives the mindset of a person to surrender to the thoughts of the whole group. Mock or Meaning The humor reflected by the experiment in which an individual gives up his sense and copies the decisions made by the group, was in actual a meaningful insight into the the ideologies and mindset of a person influenced under wrong or presumably wrong deeds. This experiment was taken up in humor but hides in some of the reality facts of the society. When a person in surrounded by many people performing some stupid task, then he tends to find some sort of sense in it and copies it for getting an entry into the group. Taking a stand An individual when conformed about his thinking and ideology must take a stand and act as a leader who is out of the crowd and who has an ideology that is self motivated and not empowered by the decisions of the group. He is the one who leads the group and not go with the flow by taking a stand for his decision and having a firm view about the correctness of the decision taken or answer thought. Conformation to the group instead of taking a right stand over a right decision is next to cowardice. Situational analysis Numerous situations are prevalent which leads to modulation of decisions based over peer pressure. The group might be formed of friends or might be of strangers but a desire for inclusion forces an individual to give up his decisions in the aid of collaborative decision made by a group. Even during class activities the majority in an assigned group is regarded and followed. But it is observed that a hidden opposition against the decision of the group can be independently taken as compared to an open disregard. Moreover, in some cases if there is a person higher in authority or elder in age as a member of the group, then his decisions are given respect and are followed. Same happens when the boss takes up a decision and the employees are not competent or confident enough to raise a question which might be viable and in the benefit of the organization. So, the combined effect of the group is likely to empower the individual decision under the term of group conformity. LETS GET MATHOHOLIC! Decide by formulation Linear programming is considered as a scientific approach for decision making tasks which effectively evaluates all the possible alternatives and hence guides in taking up the best possible decision and an optimal solution for required conditions and prospective scenario. A deep role of linear programming can be observed in tasks that require re evaluation of basic structural plans. Linear programming can also give a detailed description of precise limitations of the project and all the restrictions under which the system should remain functional in order to provide optimization to the goals and requirements. During a quality decision making process, this technique also focuses over the grey areas or the potential bottlenecks, imbalances or tumbling performances by failure to adhere by constraints. Its not always a win-win situation Though linear programming techniques are an edge over the conventional production techniques but, the real life scenarios cannot be handled effectively by the use of linear programming methodology. Just having a thought of stating everything specifically in a mathematical form is next to a nightmare when it comes to real life enterprise level corporate solutions. Moreover, if one is successful in stating the problem mathematically then the real challenge is to have a compete set of constraints which may be reflected in the arenas of social, financial, organizational, or institutional changes. The greatest challenge is the assumption of these problems that, relationship between inputs and outputs or production and cost are taken to be linear. However, in real life situations the truth is something really different! This is an evident of perfect competition but in actual scenario the competition is never even close to perfect. In this age of dynamism, linear programming principles take s into account only a single objective, either to maximize a value or minimize it but in real life, situations can be far different from mere maximization or minimization. If coefficients of problems are probabilistic then these practices which assume coefficient to be constant, cannot be put into practice. Linear programming generally takes in fractional values too but products or services do normally take up integer values and hence this divisibility is disregarded. Finally, it s justified to comment that reducing the problems and situations of the world to just a simple set of some linear equations is really difficult and hence does not practically makes sense. Blend of rational and linear A rational decision making model initiates with defining the problem and identifying the criteria which is must inflicted by linear programming principles wherein problem is mathematically formulated and constraints are defined after deep analysis. The model then goes on to develop alternatives and after evaluations, selects the best possible choice. This is the mirror image of linear programming practices where alternatives are measured and evaluated and then finally n optimal value pertaining to maxima or minima is selected. The real picture Linear programming principles may be used perfectly in the areas wanting to have information of product mix or in general term, for optimization. This technique is also put into practice for resource allocation, resources which are scarce or limited such as materials, labor, projects, machines, energy, capital or jobs. This technique for formulated for military logistics problems and hence nowadays it is also used in areas of management ranging form agriculture, hospitals, education, energy planning, scheduling, research and development etc. Hence, linear programming incorporates flexibility to create an information base for optimal utilization.

Kiki Smiths Biography and Works

Kiki Smith was born to Tony Smith an American Sculptor in 1954 in Nuremberg, Germany. She is an American born in Germany. Much of her childhood years, Kiki spend assisting her father in his work. She received formal education. She did not love art at her tender age because all her childhood was spent working for her father.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kiki Smith’s Biography and Works specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She did not enjoy her childhood as other children did. When other children went for fun activities like camping they never had the opportunity, their work was dividing twigs for her father and assisting him in his work. She did not like what he father did and his appearance because of how children made fun of his beard and owning a porches until having a beard became fashionable. Her work involves using sculptors, paintings and drawings in storytelling. Most of her art work especia lly in her early years in her career revolved around the topic of death. Until having a beard became fashionable. Kiki was born to a catholic family. She believes that her upbringing helped to shape her future career as an artist. She compares Catholics with art, in that, the Catholic faith creates a connection between the spiritual world and the physical world that is like art, the Catholic faith brings out what inside is. She also brings out the connection between art and the catholic that both are forms of storytelling. Kiki’s art work employs the use of sculptors, paintings and drawings to pass out her message. She employs the iconography of fairy tales and story in her work, she borrows from the western iconography already lade nor fraught with meaning. The visual symbolism of little Red Riding Hood, the Evil Witch, the screaming banshee, trigger a flurry of associations. Smith breaks this dialogue, however, by interjecting unexpected storylines into the traditional stor ies (Close 170). She has a passion for paintings and sculptures she explains that this is so because with paintings and sculptures, you can redesign them until you bring out what you want. To her, this is a passion and she gives the best (Richard 251). Kiki Smith is more interested in her own world. Her work involves more of making observations then in appreciation she gives a story. It is more of observation than personal interaction. It is about her personal world and how it relates to others. Kiki says, â€Å"The most important thing for me is looking at objects† (Richard 251). She gets inspiration by observing things. She confirms that to her, it is hard to read that she uses observation; even in her school days, she found it difficult to read so what she knows best is paying attention to things or in her words, â€Å"I listen to things, or I listen to what people say† (Seaman 718).Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Ge t your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Her works in the beginning of her career mainly were related to death. She would wonder why people die and if it was fit for men to die. This arose after her father’s death. Her work was based on how she could survive and protect herself from death. She thinks art is about one trying to protect him/herself. In her room, she had a skull and had a picture of Charlie Manson. She would speak to the skull and say that Charlie will never get her. This is how much she feared death. She was always afraid of death and kept on thinking that someone would die in their building. She testifies that something strange used to happen in that building and the moment she entered, no one died but they could receive warnings from the fire department and that they needed to clean the house or else a bad thing would happen there (Yablonsky 134). Once she had the phone ring, fear would encompass her and she would not like going home because she th ought someone had died. In her childhood, she always thought death would strike all the time. This influences the start of her career in artwork where, according to her, art work initially focused on death. Never did she understand why people died until she finally accepted that it was okay for people to die. She found death to be strange as a child. She hardly believes in things she has not seen because her motivation is in seeing and not much in hearing. She believes that it is good to be observant for you to get to know a lot. To her, once you see something, you are able to interpret it in other forms (Drake 287). She is a big fan of Virgin Mary. This is because she was raised as a catholic. She has made many artworks in regard to the virgin. Her father used to remind her that â€Å"it was Irish catholic to be morbid† (Drake 287). Most of Kiki’s work borrows from Julia Kristeva especially her beliefs of the â€Å"abject† and â€Å"horror† in her tales about AIDS. Both artists are feminists and have a great interest in sexual matters and women representation. The work of both artists in their artwork creates the picture of feminism that is feminine emotions and psychology. Works Cited Close, Chuck. Kiki Smith. Time 167.19 (2006): 170. Print.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kiki Smith’s Biography and Works specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drake, Cathryn. Kiki Smith. Artforum international 44.4(2005): 287. Print. Richard, Frances. Kiki Smith. Artforum international 48.9(2010): 251. Print. Seaman, Donna. Kiki Smith. The Booklist 95.8 (1998): 718. Print. Yablonsky, Linda. Kiki Smith. Artforum international 44.1(2005): 134. Print. This research paper on Kiki Smith’s Biography and Works was written and submitted by user Gunnar Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Seabiscuit essays

Seabiscuit essays Ever wonder what life was like someone who lived hard times in the depression era? The movie Seabiscuit a film about a boy growing up in the early 90s in the depression. The depression struck The United States economy hard when billions went right down the drain and was worth nothing. This tragedy hit the workforce of America with a loss in jobs and the price of ones belongings hit rock bottom. The films story is about one boys troubles he goes through trying to make it in would of hardship. He takes up horse racing as a way to make a living but struggles to make rent and to eat what he can. Until one day a lucky brake comes his way. It shows how the boy Red grew up at home and then was forced to live with someone more fortunate by his parents. As the story goes on the boy quickly portrays a vision to the viewers that he is in great need help. The relationship he has with the whole society is just excruciating. He feels he has no friends and must make up stories just to hold a conversation with another being. It seems that every chance he gets hes in a fight; it doesnt matter with who, just anyone that he comes across, even if the opposing fighter is twice his size. Like when he was at the horse stable picking a fight with 4 people at the same time, and they were even all bigger then he was. Toward the beginning of the story the horse trainer sees the young boy talking to a horse and notices how crude he is when talking to the horse. Even when talking to the people in his life he has the actions that he just doesnt care about anyone. A big example of competition is displayed in this story. Through out the entire film the boy wants to be the best, he tries his heart out in every way to beat anyone who is in front of him. If someone is better then him he sees this person as a target and goes after it. He was let go into the world at an early age and was forced to defend ...

Good Business Schools With One-Year MBA Programs

Good Business Schools With One-Year MBA Programs A one-year MBA program is a Master of Business Administration (MBA) program that takes 12 months to complete. One-year MBA programs are also known as fast-track MBA programs, accelerated MBA programs, or 12-month MBA programs. What differentiates this program from a traditional MBA program is the amount of time it takes to complete the program and earn a degree. Traditional MBA programs typically take two years to complete. So, a one-year MBA program allows students to earn their degree in half the time it takes an average student. One-year MBA programs also have financial benefits over two-year programs. For instance, tuition is half the price because you have to pay for just one year of education rather than two. There is also missed income to consider. Attending school full-time for two years means two years without full-time employment income. A one-year MBA program gets you back to work in half the time. Business Schools With One-Year MBA Programs INSEAD began offering the first one-year MBA program decades ago. These programs are now commonplace in many European schools. The popularity of the programs has prompted many U.S. business schools to offer an accelerated MBA option in addition to traditional two-year MBA programs, executive MBA programs, and part-time MBA programs. You won’t find a one-year MBA program at every business school, but you should have no problem locating a one-year MBA program at a good business school. Lets take a look at some of the well-known and reputable business schools that allow students to earn an MBA in one year or less. INSEAD We start our exploration of one-year MBA programs with INSEAD because it pioneered the one-year MBA and is widely considered to be one of the best MBA schools in the world. INSEAD has campuses in France, Singapore, and  Abu Dhabi. Their accelerated MBA program can be completed in just 10 months. During that time, students take 20 courses (13 core management courses and 7 electives). Students can choose from more than 75 different elective options, which allows for a fully customizable experience. Another positive attribute of this program is the opportunity to experience multicultural education. INSEAD students are diverse, representing more than 75 nationalities. During the first four months of the program, students complete dozens of group projects so that they can learn what it is like to lead and work in diverse teams. At least half of INSEAD grads go on to own or manage their own company. Read more about the INSEAD MBA program. Kellogg School of Management The Kellogg School of Management at Northwest University is one of the highest ranked U.S. schools with a one-year MBA program. It was also one of the first U.S. schools to offer a one-year MBA program. The most interesting aspect of the Kellogg program is that it doesn’t jam two years worth of courses into 12 months like some schools do. Instead, Kellogg students get the option to skip core courses and focus on electives that match their career goals. With more than 200 courses to choose from, students can really make sure their education is as broad or as focused as they would like it to be. The customization continues with experiential learning. Kellogg has more than 1,000 experiential learning opportunities to choose from, including special labs, courses, and projects that provide real experience with critical business and management issues. Read more about the Kellogg One-Year MBA program. IE Business School IE Business School is a Madrid school that is consistently ranked among the best schools in Europe and on a global scale. The student body in the one-year MBA program, also known as the IE International MBA program, is 90 percent international, which means classrooms are diverse. MBA students can choose from either English or Spanish instruction. The curriculum shies away from the traditional - up to 40 percent of the program can be customized and tailored to your individual career goals and needs. One-year MBA students start out with a core period that emphasizes entrepreneurship before moving on to a lab period that consists of two accelerated labs designed to provide  experiential, challenge-based learning. The program culminates with an elective period that allows students to customize the rest of their education with courses, study at Wharton (a partner school), competitive IE consulting projects, a 7-10 week internship, and other unique opportunities. Read more about the IE International MBA program. Johnson Graduate School of Management For students who want to earn an Ivy League MBA from a U.S. school in just 12 months, the Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University is the place to be. Johnsons one-year MBA program is specifically designed for current and aspiring professionals with strong leadership and quantitative skills. Students in the one-year MBA program take core courses during 10-week summer term before joining two-year MBA students in remaining courses. One-year MBA students also have access to the full range of courses across Cornell University, which amounts to about 4,000 different options. Highlights of the one-year MBA program include international study trips, a fall semester Management Practicum that allows students to gain hands-on experience through real consulting projects, and a spring semester Immersion Program that integrates coursework with fieldwork. Read more about the Johnson One-Year MBA program. Selecting a One-Year MBA Program The business schools mentioned in this article are not the only good schools with a one-year MBA program. There are a lot of them out there! However, these schools do provide a solid example of what you should look for in a one-year program. Some of the most desirable programs offer: Diverse classroomsA solid core curriculumCustomizable electivesExperiential learning experiencesGlobal learning experiencesInternship opportunities

Online Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Online Communication - Essay Example 207-212). Online communication has become the major and most significant advancement in human communication after the development of printing press. Communication through Short Messaging Service (SMS) Communication through mobile phone text messages is the most slang and commonly used online communication protocol. Since only 160 characters are allowed in a single SMS, application of brief letters and lesser number of words are used to overcome time and space constraints. The main aim is to ease the communication as much as possible. No doubt, SMS has been enhancing communication and global business in general terms but on the other hand, it has been harmful for language proficiency of the learners. Learners mix up the SMS language with the Standard English language committing numerous errors like that of grammar, punctuation etc. Impact of SMS Language on English Language and Education The influence of SMS language on learner’s language proficiency and especially in official work like assignments, reports, has been widely noticed. The use of SMS language has influenced badly on the performance of students, since they are not observing the grammatical rules of English language. It has influenced the educational field largely as people have now become habitual of using short forms even in official notifications, circulars, etc. Educators use short forms as they find it convenient in usage, and the language used in acceptable as well. There are numerous examples of such official notifications, such as: Notification: To all members, there is an emergency meeting to be held at the Conference Hall between 9.15 to 11. See you There!! B on time. The educators should try to eliminate slang and short form of SMS language from official work, and try promoting the actual English language as much as possible. Communication through Social Networking Sites The last 20 years or so have brought significant modification in communication. The ‘response time’ has dropped significantly and communication has become shorter as well as regular (Warschauer, 2001, pp. 207-212). Moreover, instant messaging is yet another interaction tool where style of interaction is more conversational and length of messages is shorter. Broadcast technologies, such as Twitter, have changed communication to news, by letting users post short messages about what are they doing or experiencing; these posts can be related to anything including enjoyment, academics, work life, and / or social activities. It is often regarded as the cousin of instant messaging; a tool for social networking, learning activities, and showing creativity, which is not being used to its maximum potential Anon., 2007). Pear Analytics - an American market research company - reported that around 40 % of posts on Twitter are nothing but â€Å"pointless babble† (Anon., 2007). Even though the results provided by this report are supported in individual judgments of people, it sheds light on the usage of Twitter. Not only Twitter but also all social media sites must be seen as revolutionary not vague in their design, but also in their re design as there is no rules or limits on how you want to use it. Clive Thompson (2007, pp. 7) has classified this phenomenon as â€Å"social proprioception. It explains where the nodes of our community are and provides a sense of connectedness to and awareness of others without direct

Where's the Pig Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Where's the Pig Business - Case Study Example The context of the promotional tool used has been discussed based on the main theory of cross cultural marketing. McDonald’s is a brand with a wide global presentation and it has to adjust accordingly when it comes to diverse cultures. Cross cultural marketing is an important aspect that global brands have to pay heed to. The case states how the difference between the promotional activity in Singapore and Hong Kong created a problem for McDonald’s and how the firm eventually resolved the problem by taking appropriate measures. In 2010, McDonald’s incorporated a new promotional theme in its promotional activities. It decided to incorporate the Chinese astrology into its promotion. It found out that the Chinese calendar holds great importance for the Chinese people. The Chinese astrology comprises of 12 animal signs which include rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. McDonald’s started offering 12 little Doraemon toys each of which represented a Chinese zodiac sign. The promotion came to be known as Doraemon Lucky Charms Promotion. The toy was to be purchased by the customers along with the purchase of the McDonald’s Happy Meal. This promotion was successful when it was implemented in Hong Kong. The corporations faced no problem as 95 percent of the population of Hong Kong had a Chinese ethnicity. Case Issues The main problem was raised when the same promotional strategy was modified when implemented in Singapore. ... This modification created a chaos for the McDonald’s Corporation and there was an upheaval in online blogs. The main point used to hit the corporation was that it does not respect the Chinese culture. McDonald’s was blamed for not conducting market research. Many critics raised a point that McDonald’s Corporation did not take sufficient time to think through the promotion. This whole modification stirred up a controversy as it offended the majority race in Singapore and was needed to be addressed before the brand image of McDonald’s got tarnished in Singapore. Another problem was faced when some customers said that there was no reason of buying an incomplete Doraemon collection set without a pig toy. It seemed like all minorities of Singapore except Muslims were not happy with this modification and on top of all it was the majority that got most offended. It was believed that on cross-cultural sensitivity McDonald’s over reacted. Malay culture prohi bits the consumption of pork, but McDonald’s on its own perceived that Malays will be offended by a pig toy. In addition many customers, in order to gather the 12 pieces animal collection, had to order it through their friends who lived in Hong Kong. The promotion was offered in Hong Kong. McDonald’s finally realized its’ mistake and apologized to the public of Singapore through the advertisement and its website and announced that the pig toy will be available. But this was long after the lunar year. The corporation invited its customers who were interested in buying the pig toy to visit the website and click on the Doraemon Lucky Charms Poll to indicate their interest. The apology and availability of the pig toy did not please the masses instead pacified only some publics. It

Overweight Children Essay Example for Free

Overweight Children Essay Being overweight is one of the major health problems among the youth of today. In the United States, the number of children becoming overweight is steadily increasing as they allot more time watching TV, playing video games, and surfing or chatting on the Internet (Nemours Foundation, n.d.). According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from the latter half of 1970s to 2004, the pervasiveness of excessive weight among children 2 to 5 years of age rose to 13.9 percent from 5 percent.   Among children 6 to 11 years of age, it escalated to 18. 8 percent from 6.5 percent, while it increased to 17.4 percent from 5 percent among those who are 12 to 19 years of age (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]), 2008). Thus, certain efforts were made by health and education experts to help parents encourage their children to engage in sports, exercise, and eat a healthy, balanced meal. After all, prevention is better than cure. If not taken care of, the excessive weight can make children vulnerable to certain diseases like high blood, diabetes, and other health illnesses (CDC, 2008; Boyse, 2007). Many experts suggest that one of the ways to help these children to lose weight without sacrificing the food that they want to eat is to encourage them to engage in sports and other group activities (Weintraub et al., 2008; Nemours, n.d.; Boyse, 2007). By engaging in physical activities, it will not only help the individual shed body fat, it would also promote self-esteem (Weintraub et al., 2008). Definition, Detection and Causes of Overweight   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being overweight is a result of imbalance between the food intake and the activities needed to spend the energies taken (Daniels, 1997). It is characterized by an exceptionally large volume of body fat with respect to lean body mass (Stopka, 2005). To know if an individual is obese or overweight, his or her body mass index or BMI is computed (Stopka, 2005; Daniels, 1997). This method considers the proportionality of the individual’s weight to his or her height child (Stopka, 2005; Daniels, 1997). The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) states that individuals with BMI of 25 to 29.9 are considered as â€Å"overweight,† while those with a BMI of 30 and above is considered as â€Å"obese† (Stopka, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A number of studies have discovered that that breastfeeding is associated with overweight children (Hediger, et al., 2001). Once a mother fails to nurture her child with the practice of breastfeeding, chances are that the child will become overweight in the future. Breastfeeding helps to lower the risk of obesity during the stage of childhood and adolescence (Hediger, et al., 2001). Most cases of overweight among children occur during the adolescence stage when the transition from child to adult happens (Hediger, et al., 2001). The food intake is later on built up as fats if not properly burned out of the body (Hediger, et al., 2001).   Fat distribution is also changed during this stage which also incorporates hormonal influences. The condition also varies according to gender. According to Heidger and his associates (2001), girls are more likely to be overweight than boys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most individuals on the adolescence stage are busy with their studies and participate in activities that will help them be informed and entertained. Many of them play video games and watch television after school as their own way of overcoming stress and pressures from school. While in the midst of these activities, they also munch junk food and drink sodas. As there are high amounts of calories in unhealthy food and drinks, they make children overweight (Collins, 2007). The incessant rise of fast food chains, consumption of calorie-dense foods and taking too much soft drink bring out more energy intake (Collins, 2007). However, this would not be a problem if the child regularly exercises and participates in activities. Lack of necessary exercise and physical activities also causes children to be overweight. When children eat more calories, they also need to burn more calories (Collins, 2007). Eating food that is detrimental to one’s health without enough physical activities to burn it will guarantee a child to be overweight (Collins, 2007). This is also said to be an environmental cause of obesity due to the technological means of entertainment available for children today. Collins (2007) calls this phenomenon as modern obesity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another cause of being overweight is the genetic roots of the child. The genes of the parents are inherited by children upon birth. Babies who are born to mothers who are overweight are more likely to gain more weight and are less active in actions (Collins, 2007). The metabolism of a child is also inherited from his or her parents. Thus, an obese parent whose metabolism is slow would have children with slow metabolism as well (Collins, 2007). The family eating habits also play a great influence as to why a child becomes overweight. Preparing and laying too much food on the table causes a child to eat more. Shopping and buying unhealthy foods and calorie-rich items will also cause the weight of children to increase (Collins, 2007). Effects of Obesity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risks are always present once a child is overweight. Chances are that the child will accumulate certain diseases most of which are related to too much calorie, cholesterol and sugar intake. Bone problems are also expected for overweight and obese individuals. The social development of a child is also affected because of being overweight. The overweight children may find it difficult to breathe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obese children are often inactive and lazy to do physical activities. This causes their hearts to weaken. With their relatively weak heart, it will pump harder than the normal sized individual. This condition is commonly known as cardiovascular abnormalities (Daniels, et al., 1997). Another cardiovascular abnormality that occurs in overweight or obese individuals is the escalation of blood pressure. When a child is obese, the blood pressure is more likely to increase. These cardiovascular abnormalities usually lead to a disease known as left ventricular hypertrophy which is a prevailing condition among obese and overweight children (Daniels, et al., 1997). This disease is characterized by an â€Å"increased left ventricular mass,† along with â€Å"lean body mass, fat mass and abnormalities in the systolic blood pressure† which predicts the accumulation of diseases such as â€Å"coronary heart disease, stroke and sudden death† (p. 804). Hypertension is also common for children with too much weight (Daniels, et al., 1997; Nemours Foundation, n.d.; CDC, 2008; Boyse, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The disease Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is also common among overweight children with a BMI of 30 kg/m2, which, according to adult standard, is counted as â€Å"obese.† According to the National Cholesterol Education Program, acquiring this disease also makes them vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases such as a coronary artery disease (Daniels, et al., 1997).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being overweight also causes a child to mature early. In general, an overweight childs body develops faster than those who have normal body sizes. Overweight female children also reach the pubertal stage earlier. This may be due to the fact that most overweight female children do not have strenuous activity that can help them lessen their weights. Since most foods taken by obese children are rich in oils and other fatty acids, they are also prone of having pimples, acnes and skin problems (Nemours Foundation, n.d.; CDC, 2008; Boyse, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychological and social problems are also present when a child is overweight. One of the most common issues on this is depression. When a child grows bigger than his or her peers, he or she is more likely to be humiliated and teased in school for having a different body shape. This is a delicate issue which the child may find hard to overcome. It also results in the child’s low self esteem and negative self image (Strauss Pollack, 2003; Nemours Foundation, n.d.). The normal interaction towards other children is also limited because of this. More often than not, overweight children have fewer friends and their social life is limited to those who accept them as they are. Obese children are more likely to stay at home rather than go out and play with other people. They are isolated which makes them feel depressed, lonely, and stressed out. Teasing overweight children is also said to be associated with increased suicidal tendencies out of frustration and depression. Their condition causes them so many complications physically, emotionally and developmentally (Strauss Pollack, 2003; Nemours Foundation, n.d.). Prevention of Obesity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is better to prevent being overweight rather than regret it once a child becomes obese. This is not easy to do but it needs to begin as early as childhood days. This should be considered especially for those who are born to overweight parents. Behavior is also one good way of handling childhood obesity. Diminishing unhealthy eating habits and getting right exercise result in a healthier body and lifestyle. In addition, reducing stagnant physical activities like watching television and video games will also lower the chances of being overweight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Limiting the intake of calories will also stop one from being overweight. Instead of drinking sodas and other carbonated drinks, a child may switch to drinking fresh fruit juices. Fresh juices are healthier instead of artificially made juices. Drinking the recommended number of glasses of water a day (8 to10 glasses) will also help in replenishing lost water in the body and digesting food easily, and therefore, prevent all those fatty food and huge amount of calories from getting stuck in the body. The children should also be advised to avoid eating meals in fast food restaurants, where the meals served contain preservatives and too much food extenders that have more calories (Matheson et. al., 2004). Parents should also encourage their child to eat home cooked meals and convince him or her that these meals are more delicious than those that can be bought outside. (Matheson et. al., 2004). This will also guarantee parents that the food eaten by their child is clean and well-prepared. The parents should also stop preparing large servings for their child, as this entices a child to eat more and makes him or her always expect the same size of serving every meal time (Matheson et. al., 2004). They should also limit the inactivity of children by giving them scheduled time for television and playing computer games (Matheson et. al., 2004). It will also help if a child is encouraged not to eat and watch at the same time. Too much focus on the television program makes a child unaware to the amount of food already consumed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For difficult cases like gene-related obesity, it is important to counter this by doing physical activities. Regular exercise helps to achieve good digestion and good metabolism. Physical activities such as â€Å"biking, walking, and swimming† can also be done with the whole family. These activities also help brings the heart in good condition. Playing ball games also prevents being overweight and helps children become more sociable towards their peers (Campbell et al., 2001). Basketball and soccer are some examples of sports which can help overweight children lose and maintain their weight. At the same time, by engaging in these kinds of group activities, they will enjoy themselves with their peers (Campbell et al., 2001). Indoor physically activities like dancing will also help children lose weight (Campbell et al., 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a recent six-month experiment conducted by Weintraub (2008) and her colleagues among fourth and fifth graders, they divided the 21 participants into two groups. The first group received a health education program after school, while the other was subjected to a soccer program. Midway through the study until the end, a significant decline in BMI was found among participants in the soccer group as compared to those who were in the health education group. In three months, there was also a considerable increase in the everyday average and strenuous physical activities among children in the soccer group. The authors concluded that making overweight and obese children participate in an â€Å"after-school soccer program† is a practical, agreeable, and effective method to control the weight of these children. Excessive weight increases the likelihood of children to acquire fatal diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Being overweight also negatively affects their self-esteem and self-image, leaving them depressed as a result. Encouraging them to eat a balanced diet and do physical activities such as family and school sports can aid overweight children in losing and maintaining a standard weight. This is a great opportunity not only for the children but for the whole family to stay fit and active. References: Boyse, K. (2007, February). Obesity and overweight. University of Michigan Health System. Retrieved April 15, 2008 from http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/yourchild/obesity.htm Campbell K, Waters E, O’Meara S, Summerbell C. (2001). Interventions for preventing obesity in childhood: a systematic review. Obesity Review, 2, 149–157. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2008, March 4). Overweight and obesity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved April 15, 2008 from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/ Collins, Anne (2007). Causes of obesity. Anne Collins. Retrieved April 14, 2008 from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.annecollins.com/obesity/causes-of-obesity.htm Daniels S.R., Khoury P.R., Morrison J.A. (1997, June). The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: differences by race and gender. Pediatrics, 99 (6), 804–807. Retrieved April 14, 2008 from Pediatrics Database. Matheson D.M., Killen J.D., Wang Y., Varady A, Robinson T.N. (2004). Children’s food   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   consumption during television viewing. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79 (6), 1088–1094. Retrieved April 14, 2008 from the AJCN Database. Nemours Foundation (n.d.). Overweight and obesity. KidsHealth. Retrieved April 14, 2008 from http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/general/body/overweight_obesity.html Hediger M.L., Overpeck M.D., Kuczmarski R.J., Ruan W.J. (2001). Association between infant breastfeeding and overweight in young children. The Journal of American Medical Association, 285 (19), 2453–2460. Retrieved April 14, 2008 from JAMA Database. Stopka, C. B. (2005) Chapter 18: Students with temporary disabilities and other special conditions. In J. Winnick (Ed.),   Instructors Manual, Adapted Physical Education and Sport, 4th Edition (pp. 323-340). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Strauss R.S. Pollack H.A. (2003). Social marginalization of overweight children. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 157, 746–752. Retrieved April 15, 2008 from Archpredriatics Database. Weintraub, D.L., Tirumalai, E.C., Haydel, F., Fujimoto, M., Fulton, J.E., Robinson, T.S. (2008). Team sports for overweight children. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 162 (3), 232-237. Retrieved April 15, 2008 from Archpredriatics Database.

Cultural Expectations for Women within America :: essays research papers

Cultural Expectations for Women within America Every year about a million immigrants come to America in hope to start a better life for their family. They leave with virtually nothing, just the clothes on their backs and a few, hard earned coins. As they start a new life here in the United States, most immigrants tend to notice the drastic differences that are present between their culture and Western society, particularly in the way women are supposed to talk and behave. In the excerpt from â€Å"Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts,† Maxine Hong Kingston addresses these hardships as a Chinese girl who is searching for her voice in America. During the excerpt, Kingston portrays fitting into these â€Å"cultural expectations† as absolutely necessary, as shown in the last paragraph in Page 10. She says things like â€Å"If you don’t talk†¦ then you can’t be a house wife.† Or â€Å"Don’t you ever want to be a cheerleader?† (Kingston 10) At the time of this scene, the narrator was so sure that the American way was the right way, that she bullies a younger student into changing. Alas the student never changes and the narrator falls sick for a year and a half because of her ill actions. However, plenty has changed since that time of the Korean War (1950’s.) Nowadays, these expectations of what is an American woman are changing. Compared to the 1950’s, women currently are holding much more power, and are viewed as a superior sex symbol. In the 1950’s, a woman’s life path was pretty clear cut, graduate from high school and find a good man while your ultimate goal is to start a family and maintain an orderly house. This is shown when Kingston says to the little girl â€Å"Some one has to marry you before you can become a housewife.† She says this as if becoming a housewife is a top priority for a woman. However presently, most women in America hold very respectable jobs and the role as housewife is slowly disappearing from American culture. Another example of modern day women showing strength is portrayed when the narrator’s mother goes on a cultural rampage and forces the narrator to go to the drug store and demand a piece of candy simply because the druggist missed the address of the house. This scene is shown in pages three, four, and five. By doing so the narrator comes off as poor and illogical.

Accounting Regulations Essay

Accountant Responsibilities By: Jennifer Koppelman March 11, 2014 Accountant Responsibility Accountants have responsibilities to many different groups such as their clients, the government and third parties. It is important that accountants act in a particular manner and have high ethical standards, integrity and professionalism. Accountant’s job responsibility is to validate financial statements and perform the duties in accordance with all the principles, standards and laws. Even though an accountant is hired by a company, they have a responsibility to many more people than just the company. Some of the people that accountants are responsible to, would be the company’s management, investors, creditors, outside regulatory bodies, and the integrity of the financial markets. Accountants need to be consistent and constantly be carefully exercising due diligence and pay close consideration of the materiality of content (Accountant Responsibility). Accountants have a code of professional conduct that they should adhere to. This states that accountants should maintain objectivity and be free of conflicts of interest in the discharging professional responsibilities. An accountant in public practice should be independent in fact and appearance when providing audit and other attestation services. Situations where accountants will need to show objectivity would be when they are felt compelled to deliver bad news to a client or employer based on an analysis that they had performed (Colson, 2004). There are two different types of auditors; internal auditors and external auditors which have different responsibilities. Internal auditors have the main responsibility to develop statements that present the financial situation of a company in a fair way, meaning that as much disclosure as necessary to give a reasonable picture of the financial situation to any user having a claim to the knowledge. External auditor’s responsibility is to affirm that this has happened by issuing an opinion as to whether the financial statement fairly presents the financial position of that corporation (Duska, 2005). Accountant Responsibility to Clients Accountants have a professional responsibility to clients to keep their information confidential. The rule states that a member in the public practice shall not disclose any confidential client information without the specific consent of the client. This also extends to other accountants not directly involved with the client who obtain information through practice reviews or sanctioned disciplinary hearings to maintain confidentially. There are certain exceptions that facilitate compliance with other professional and legal obligations. Maintaining confidentiality is not only a professional obligation but also a legal obligation. General knowledge and expertise obtained through a client engagement is not considered to be confidential information (Cashell). Accountants have ethical responsibility to protect their clients, produce financial statements and tax returns that are to the best of their ability after performing proper due diligence. If there was an event that an audit would occur for a government agency they should represent their clients with professionalism. Accountants should always maintain the highest ethical standards. Accountants perform essential and critical roles in society. Accountants have responsibilities to all of those who use their professional services. The American Institution of CPA’s has an official rule, Rule 301 states a member in the public practice shall not disclose any confidential information without the specific consent of the client. Accountant’s number one responsibility is to its clients, it is important that accountants do not disclose client information to anyone without the client’s permission first. There are consequences to the accountant if they do not keep client information confidential. It can also have a negative effect on the clients business, which will negatively affect the accountant also (ET Section 301 – Client Confidential Information). CPA Responsibility to Clients Case Even when an accountant has the intention to warn others of pending financial harm the courts have held that accountants must not give any client information, client information should always remain confidential. In a case Wagenheim v. Alexander Grant & Co the court ruled that Alexander Grant improperly divulged confidential information about their client, Consolidata Data Services, to other clients. Consolidata Data Services, an audit client of Alexander Grant performed payroll services for several of Alexander Grant’s other clients. Alexander Grant discovered that Consolidata Data Services was having financial difficulty; Alexander Grant warned their other clients to stop doing business with Consolidata Data Services. Alexander Grant argued that the other clients would suffer financial damage without warning them. The ruling was against Alexander Grant, the court said that there was no proof that Consolidata Data Services was in a financial hardship that they could not recover from. Which Alexander Grant had no legal right to inform third parties of the financial burden that Consolidata Data Services was in (Cashell, 1995). It is important that accountants keep client information confidential at all times. The accountant might not know the whole picture of a business and a company can state that they could have recovered from the financial burden but because the accountant may have told other clients that could ruin the reputation of the client and affect the business. It is always safer not to say anything in regards to the financial situations when you have an obligation to your client. Accountant Responsibility to Third Parties Accountants do not have as much liability to third parties as they do to clients. Accountants have a liability to third parties who are relying on the audit information, only if there is fraudulent conduct or proof of negligence would they be liable to the third party. When public accountants are done with an audit of their clients records and financials they put an opinion letter which sets forth, among other things, the scope of the audit and a professional opinion concerning the financial representations. Even though third parties may rely and act upon the auditor’s opinion, the auditor is contractually bond only to the client and usually owes nothing, no legal duty to third parties for negligence (Greene, 2003). Accountants need to be very careful when warning outsiders of a client’s fraud. Based on prior court cases, CPA’s generally do not have an obligation to inform outsiders of known fraud unless if they remain silent they are becoming culpable themselves. It is a risky situation if an accountant decides to â€Å"blow the whistle† (Cashell, 1995). Accountants are generally not responsible to third parties in contracts because there is no privity of contract. However, accountants can be held to be a common law duty of care towards third parties in certain circumstances, despite that there is no contractual duties. Circumstances that give rise to such duty have been considered in a substantial number of cases in recent years and three general tests have been developed. One of the tests would be if there is foreseeability damage, proximity between parties and considerations of justice and reasonableness. Another test would be testing the assumptions of reasonability. If the court would take an incremental approach in comparing the relationship in any given case to previously decided cases in which a duty of care had been recognized or rejected. An accountant can be liable to a third party if the accountant knew or should have known that they were relying on the audit, only for fraudulent conduct and proof of mere negligence is not sufficient. If the accountant knew that the audit report for the client was intended to supply the information to a third party who would rely on the information. If the third party would be relying on the information in a decision concerning transactions involving the client and the third party (Professional Liability of Accountants & Auditors). Duty to Disclose to Third Parties In some cases information should be disclosed to third parties but an accountant needs to be very careful and proceed accordingly. If it is detailed in their engagement letter, which is a written agreement to perform services in exchange for compensation then an accountant has a duty to disclose information. Once the letter is signed off on by an officer then the letter serves as a contract (Engagement Letter). In one case; Fund of Funds Ltd. v. Arthur Andersen & Co. the CPA had a duty to disclose. Arthur Andersen was the auditor for two clients, Fund of Funds and King Resources Corp. King Resources Corp developed natural resource properties and agreed to be the sole vendor of such properties to Fund of Funds at prices no higher than those charged to King Resource Corp industrial clients. Arthur Andersen learned the agreement was not being met but failed to inform Fund of Funds. The court did rule that Arthur Andersen should have disclosed this fact to Fund of Funds because they had knowledge of the overcharges, knew the terms of the agreement that was being violated and the language of their engagement letter produced a contractual obligation to reveal that information. Another case involving duty to disclose, this one a CPA was found that he did not have a duty to disclose information. The case Gold v DCL Inc. , Price Waterhouse & Co. informed DCL in December that they intended to qualify their audit report on DCL’s financial statements. DCL was in the business of leasing computers and Price Waterhouse believed that their ability to recover their computer equipment costs was impaired due to the impending release of a new line of more powerful computers by IBM. In February, DCL announced earnings without mentioning Price Waterhouse’s concern and on February 15 Price Waterhouse was replaced. The court ruled that there was no basis in principle or authority for extending an auditors duty to disclose beyond cases where the auditor is giving or has given some representation or certification and the silence and inaction of the defendants auditors did not make them culpable. The court’s reasoning that the CPA did not have to disclose was because the auditors had issued no public opinion, rendered no certification and in no way invited the public to rely on their financial judgment there was no special relationship that imposed a duty of disclosure (Cashell, 1995). Accountant Responsibility to the Government Different local, state and federal governments have different rules and regulations that accountants need to learn for the area and industry that they will be working in. This is important to find out and comply with the different regulations. This is part of an accountant’s responsibility to provide accounting services that are in compliance with the government regulations for your client’s particular industry. There may be different regulations for different industries so it is important to know which regulations are pertinent to your client. CPA for Responsibility to Government Case Some state laws might grant accountant client privileges, but these laws do not usually extend to a summons or subpoena related to a Federal Investigation by such agencies such as the IRS, or the SEC. In a case, Couch v. United States, the Supreme Court concluded that no Federal accountant client privilege exists and state created privileges do not apply to Federal cases. Before an accountant is responding to a Federal agency, the accountant should be sure that they are only responding to a valid and enforceable subpoena. In another case, Roberts v. Chaple, the Appellate Court ruled that the accountant violated Georgia’s statutory accountant client privilege because he provided information to the IRS without having been served a valid summons or subpoena. Some state privilege laws could also affect the ability to release information pursuant to a review of a CPA’s practice. Firms are responsible for meeting and keeping client confidentiality obligations whenever state statutes do not clearly provide a confidentiality exemption for a peer review of a firm’s practice. Whenever an accountant is not sure on if information should be released it would be best to consult a lawyer and obtain legal counsel to ensure that they are not breaking any laws or violating any confidentiality agreements or obligations(Cashell, 1995). Conclusion Accountants need to be ethical and practice with the highest professionalism and ethics. Accountants have many responsibilities not only to the client that they are servicing but to the government and to third parties. Responsibilities are higher to clients then third parties but it is important to know when and where your responsibility for each is. If an accountant is negligent or not responsible to the parties when they should have been there are consequences. An accountant’s main responsibility is to their client, it is important to keep client information confidential at all times. Not keeping client information confidential can have a negative effect and consequences on the accountant and the client. It is important that accountants do not disclose client information without the permission from the client first. All accountants need to have and maintain the highest ethics, professionalism and confidentiality.

A research on the issues of the black urban experience according to steven gregory Essay

Critical Reading Assignment #3 Chapter 5: Race and the Politics of Place Gregory, Steven (1999) Chapter 5: Race and the Politics of Place, in Black Corona, Princeton, NJ:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Princeton University Press, 109-138. The researchers conducted this study in order to challenge the depictions of the black urban experience in the media, academics, and public policy debates, which the author does frequently throughout the study. In this portion of the study, Gregory focuses on the struggles that black Lefrak City residents to disrupt the lingering stereotypes alluding to race, crime, and space in everyday politics. To conduct this research, Steven Gregory, an anthropologist, uses ethnography methods including open-ended interviews, participant observation in neighborhoods and political meetings, and archival research to collect the data used in this study. He interviews various residents and political members from this area and attends a meeting involving the Neighborhood Stabilization Committee and Community Board 4. The study takes place in the Corona neighborhood of Queens, New York, specifically in the Lefrak City are home to many African Americans residents as well as people from many other backg rounds. In this study, Gregory points out the struggles that Black Lefrak City residents had in disrupting the lingering stereotypes about, race, crime, and space in everyday politics. He explains how this area of Corona was viewed as a threat to the quality of life in the surrounding areas, which provides a link to urban decline and crime to black welfare dependency (Gregory 111: 1999). He focuses on struggles in the representation of identity and the meaning of place with the distribution of political power. As evidence, Gregory interviews and observes Edna Baskin, an African American woman eager to get involved and create a political organization to counteract these stereotypes and give black citizens from this area representation in the local politics. She establishes the organization called the Concerned Community Adults, where she would help inform residents of neighborhood issues. She faced many struggles in doing this, however, and was said to be â€Å"rubbing against the grain† (Gregory 118: 1999) while trying to promote her organization and get involved with the Community Board, made up of mostly white participants. Gregory talks about other problems this organizations faced, and the successes it achieved later on. This research has strengths in its overall comprehensiveness of the issues that Gregory is discussing. The topic he tries to tackle is very complex, and he does a good job at trying to try to explain the overall issues of the research. However, Gregory could organize his work in a fashion that is easier to comprehend that helps understand the overall concepts and issues he is focusing on in the research. He also only discusses in depth one example of the struggles that one area of this community faces. I believe that it would be interesting to instead compare the many different struggles that different areas of the community have and relate them to one another. It would be interesting to see the similarities and the differences between the different areas of this community.

What Thanksgiving Reveals about American Culture

What Thanksgiving Reveals about American Culture Sociologists believe that the rituals practiced within any given culture serve to reaffirm that cultures most important values and beliefs. This theory dates back to founding sociologist Émile Durkheim  and has been validated by countless researchers over more than a centurys time. According to sociologists, by examining a ritual, we can come to understand some fundamental things about the culture in which it is practiced. So in this spirit, lets take a look at what Thanksgiving reveals about us. Key Takeaways: Sociological Insights on Thanksgiving Sociologists look at celebrations in order to understand culture.By spending time with family and friends on Thanksgiving, people reaffirm their close relationships.Thanksgiving highlights stereotypical American gender roles.Overeating associated with Thanksgiving illustrates American materialism and abundance. The Social Importance of Family and Friends It may not be much of a surprise that coming together to share a meal with loved ones signals how important relationships with friends and family are in our culture, which is far from a uniquely American thing. When we gather together to share in this holiday, we effectively say, Your existence and our relationship is important to me, and in doing so, that relationship is reaffirmed and strengthened (at least in a social sense). But there are some less obvious and decidedly more interesting things going on too. Thanksgiving Highlights Normative Gender Roles The holiday of Thanksgiving and the rituals we practice for it reveal the gender norms  of our society. In most households across the U.S. it is women and girls who will do the work of preparing, serving, and cleaning up after the Thanksgiving meal. Meanwhile, most men and boys are likely to be watching and/or playing football. Of course, neither of these activities is exclusively gendered, but they are predominantly so, especially in heterosexual settings. This means that Thanksgiving serves to reaffirm the distinct roles we believe men and women should play in society, and even what it means to be a man or a woman in our society today. The Sociology of Eating on Thanksgiving One of the most interesting sociological research findings about Thanksgiving comes from Melanie Wallendorf and Eric J. Arnould, who take a sociology of consumption standpoint. In a study of the holiday published in the  Journal of Consumer Research  in 1991, Wallendorf and Arnould, along with a team of student researchers, conducted observations of Thanksgiving celebrations across the U.S. They found that the rituals of preparing food, eating it,  overeating it, and how we talk about these experiences signal that Thanksgiving is really about celebrating material abundance- having a lot of stuff, notably food, at ones disposal.  They observe that the fairly bland flavorings of Thanksgiving dishes and the heaping piles of food presented and consumed signal that it is quantity rather than quality that matters on this occasion. Building on this in her study of competitive eating contests (yes, really!), sociologist Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson sees in the act of overeating the affirmation of abundance at the national level. In her 2014 article in Contexts, she writes that our society has so much food to spare that its citizens can engage in eating for sport.  In this light, Ferguson describes Thanksgiving as a holiday that celebrates ritualistic overeating, which is meant to honor national abundance through consumption. As such, she declares Thanksgiving a patriotic holiday. Thanksgiving and American Identity Finally, in a chapter in the 2010 book  The Globalization of Food, titled  The National and the Cosmopolitan in Cuisine: Constructing America through Gourmet Food Writing, sociologists  Josà ©e Johnston, Shyon Baumann, and Kate Cairns reveal that Thanksgiving plays an important role in defining and affirming American identity. Through a study of how people write about the holiday in food magazines, their research shows that eating, and especially preparing Thanksgiving, is framed as an American rite of passage. They conclude that participating in these rituals is a way to achieve and affirm ones American identity, especially for immigrants. It turns out that Thanksgiving is about a lot more than turkey and pumpkin pie.

A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free (#27)

A View from the Bridge Essay ? Eddie Carbone, the protagonist of the play, is in many ways a tragic hero and like all tragic heroes has a fatal flaw. Eddie’s harmatia is his incestuous feelings for Catherine. Arthur Miller has used the character of Eddie as an everyman perhaps to show that any person can make mistakes with ones feelings. Through the character of Eddie we witness the downfall of a decent man who loses control of his actions.  In the early stages of the play, we see Eddie over protective of Catherine but possibly in a paternal way when he says ‘I don’t like the looks they’re giving you†¦heads are turning like windmills’ although it is quite normal for a father to protect his daughter Eddie’s problem is really with how the men are looking at Catherine rather than her well beings. The reader is also made aware that Eddie has made a lot of sacrifices for Catherine ‘I took out my own mouth to give it to her’ clearly when it comes to his family Eddie puts other people before himself this is also evident as he allows Marco and Rodolfo, people he has never met before, to stay illegally at his home. Later in the play there are clues about his true feelings for example when Catherine lights Eddie’s cigar she does it eagerly saying ‘here! I’ll light it for you’ the cigar is a phallic image and hints Eddie’s subconscious desire for Catherine as it gives him unusual pleasure. Eddie is unaware of his attraction to Catherine so his feelings are manifested in hatred towards Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie’s dislike for Rodolfo is displayed almost immediately after they arrive as ‘he is coming more and more addressed to Marco only’ this suggests that Eddie has no intentions of getting to know Rodolfo as he feels threatened by him. Miller builds up the aggressive nature of Eddie’s behaviour and also how quickly he establishes how volatile he can be. In the middle of Rodolfo’s song the playwright shows us how unsettled Eddie is when the stage directions indicate that ‘Eddie rises and moves upstage’. When he interrupts Rodolfo he is very sharp. At no point does he use his name but instead calls him ‘kid’. Superficially it seems he is preventing him from singing for his own safety but already the reader is aware that there is something more bubbling under the surface, especially when Miller tells us that Eddie’s face is ‘puffed with trouble’. The shocking actions of Eddie when he kisses both Catherine and Rodolfo shows further evidence of their love for one another as Catherine screams ‘Eddie! Let go, ya hear me! I’ll kill you! Leggo of him’ here we can see that the love between Catherine and Rodolfo is much stronger than that of Eddie and Beatrice, and how it is taking over from Catherine’s affection for Eddie. At the beginning of ‘A View from the Bridge’ Eddie and Beatrice are presented as having a loving and close relationship. It is when in Act 4 Eddie is waiting for outside his apartment for Catherine and Rodolfo to arrive home that Beatrice is blunt with him and says ‘when am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie’ it shows us she doesn’t feel like his wife because he is distracted by Catherine, it also suggests they don’t sleep together as husband and wife. Beatrice is a good woman and a good wife. She tries to warn Eddie against his feelings for Catherine but it shows us that he can’t do anything about them so therefore is basically doomed. At the end, there is reconciliation between Eddie and B when they come together and share their love with Eddie’s dying words ‘Then why – Oh, B!’ this is Eddies eventual realisation of his love for B. Eddie’s betrayal not only comes a shock to the audience but is incredibly ironic as in his previous dialogue Eddie retold the story of Vinny Bolzano and said to Catherine ‘ you think I’m blowing steam here’ this shows that Eddie thinks its unimaginable for someone to betray their own family. He gives his opinion and says ‘Him? You’ll never see him no more a guy do a thing like that? How’s he gonna show his face? Here Eddie is disgusted even by the consideration of telling on a fellow Italian. It also shows that he feels strongly about the ‘Italian law’ which makes it more surprising when he goes against it as it suggests that his incestuous feelings for Catherine turned him into a complete different person. Miller presents Eddie as a respectable image in the community, a husband and a guardian. Eddie feeling as a jealous lover leads him into conflict with his community. He placed his desires above family responsibilities. His respect and honour meant everything for him , but he was blinded by his love for Catherine, so everything else was forgotten. Eddie dies for, not that of the community values but for his own pride. A View from the Bridge. (2017, Oct 23).

Avon Calls on Foreign Markets Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Avon Calls on Foreign Markets - Case Study Example This strategy guarantees increased sales because it captures the local customer needs. Given that the operation of the company is spread to different regions, this strategy captures the needs of people with different skin sensitivity to beauty products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Additionally, another marketing orientation is the customer. Avon’s approaches in marketing are that it targets women. It takes into contemplation the age group of cosmetics users and the places where the women population propagates more rapidly. This strategy employs independent sales persons or Avon representatives, who places sales orders with Avon and deliver the same to customers. Another orientation employed by Avon is social marketing orientation that entails; a breast cancer crusade that creates a global awareness on breast cancer and community outreach and education. This strategy is core, because it targets its leading customers: the women.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A horde of re asons made Avon concentrate on more on the foreign operations than the U.S market. First, it was due to a forecast of a slow growth rate in the U.S market given that most of the market had been permeated already, and there remained no virgin market for its products. Therefore, any growth or increased sales would entail Avon competing to grab its competitor’s market share and given the nature of competition prevalent in the U.S market, Avon chose to direct its energy on less competitive arenas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, Avon chose to redirect its energies away from the U.S market due to the changing nature and dynamism.... A horde of reasons made Avon concentrate on more on the foreign operations than the U.S market. First, it was due to a forecast of a slow growth rate in the U.S market given that most of the market had been permeated already, and there remained no virgin market for its products. Therefore, any growth or increased sales would entail Avon competing to grab its competitor’s market share and given the nature of competition prevalent in the U.S market, Avon chose to direct its energy on less competitive arenas. Secondly, Avon chose to redirect its energies away from the U.S market due to the changing nature and dynamism of its main market which affected its distribution strategies. Avon has been built around direct marketing whereby the Avon ladies sell directly to households and giving beauty advice. Therefore, direct sales were the backbone of the company for a long time. However, it the 20th century, many U.S women were making forays into the workforce. This had twin effect in t hat access to the women in their homes was hampered. Secondly, the number of women seeking part time employment with Avon reduced. On the other hand, there existed untapped markets elsewhere, for example, in inaccessible and remote part of Brazil and Philippines. A global recession like the one that happened in 2008 is not likely to curtail Avon activities materially. Indeed, it increases the number of people willing to work part time and independently, on which Avon marketing strategy is built. To add, since Avon has diversified its market to capture the foreign market is not likely to affect all the markets negatively at once. In fact, when things were gloomy in the United States, the foreign markets looked bright.

Financial Statements Paper Part II Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Statements Part II - Research Paper Example The Home Depot is the world’s largest home improvement store in terms of sales. In fiscal year 2008 which ended in February 1, 2009 the company generated $71,288 million dollars (Annual Report, 2008). The most important report that is released by public corporations regarding the operating and financial status of the company during a period of time is the annual report. In the annual report the managerial staff of the company provides an overview of the financial condition of a company. This paper analyzes the managerial assessment of the financial condition of the company. In order to determine whether the managers are being truthful about the situation ratio analysis will be used. In the 2008 annual report the managers admit that 2008 was a down year, but they claim that the firm made improvements to its operation and that considering the recession the firm is happy with the results. The managers are telling the truth in regards to the negative effects that a recession has o n the retail industry. In the annual report it claims that the company reduced its revenues by 7.8% and that operating earnings per share was reduced by 22%. The managers are insinuating that the profitability of the company was weak. In accounting there is a principle called the conservatism principle. This principle states that when in doubt; choose the method that will be least likely to overstate assets and income (Weygandt & Kieso & Kimmel, 2002). Three ratios that provide information regarding the profitability of the company are the gross, operating, and net margin. The metric results for Home Depot for these three financial ratios respectively in fiscal year 2008 were 34%, 6%, and 3% respectively. Financial analysis evaluate whether a financial metric is good or not is by comparing it to the industry ratio. The gross margin, operating margin, and net margin industry standards are 26.85%, 5.11%, and 3.18%. The company outperformed the industry in two of the three profitabilit y ratios and in the one that it was below the industry it was only by 0.18%. In the annual report the company claimed that the firm’s generated over $5.5 billion in cash which help the firm reduce its debt obligations. A financial ratio that can help a person determine the validity of the manager’s statement is the current ratio. The current ratio is a financial metric that test the ability of a company to pay off its short term debt (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). The current ratio of Home Depot in fiscal year 2008 was 1.20. A current ratio is normally regarded as good if it is above 1.0. The current ratio of Home Depot at 1.20 is also above the industry norm of 1.15. Another statement the manager claim in the annual report is that the firm had accumulated a very solid $41 billion in assets. Having a lot of assets is good, but it is more important to generate income off those assets. A financial metric that test how efficient a company is at utilizing its assets to generat e income is the return on assets (ROA) metric. The return on assets of the company in 2008 was 5%. The figure is good when you compare to the industry standard of 3.9%, but the firm’s ROA was reduced by 100% in comparison with the previous fiscal year. There were other operational decisions of significance mentioned in the 2008 annual report such as the fact the company closed down 15 stores, it

Lao Tzu (traditional china) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lao Tzu (traditional china) - Essay Example This is because the latter comprises of numerous Chinese to the extent of referred as China proper. Northern region is a lowland terrain compared to the South, which is high comprising of two key river systems mostly in that area depended for agriculture. It is irrefutable China’s populace for long compared to other people residing in other global states is extremely diverse. This is especially in terms of culture, language and other varied aspects that render unique as well as unified despite significance differences that characterize it. Outstanding aspects that make it diverse embrace religions ranging from Taoism, Buddhism, and Islam to Christianity besides others. In addition, Chinese also reside in diverse significant regions characterized by unique dialects though they comprise one general state having a capacity of approximately 500 Million. Comprising this capacity, there are key minorities that constitutes 6.7% of the entire populace

History Essay about Apartheid

History Essay about Apartheid Following the stretched history of Europes imperialism, the 1948s National Party election ushered in a novel historical dispensation in the South African social, political as well as economic landscapes. The national party intensified and officialised the apparatus of racial segregation under both the British and the Dutch rule. As noted by Ayittey (1996), the coalition which constituted the national party in addition to other consequent South African governments standardized separatist directive which resulted in the effectual categorization of persons according to races. The organization was planned in a way such that the White minority marginalised the black majority to its management in a deceitful system well-known jointly as apartheid. The existence of the dispensation placed the white minority on a favourable platform than their black majority counterparts. The ruling white minority and who were at the top of the hierarchy in the South African society controlled the social-eco nomic affairs as well as the political arena. Ayietty (1996) took note of the fact that the white acquired all the positions that ensured that they sustained and fully enjoyed the proceeds of the countrys industrialization whilst the black majority lurched in scarcity and estrangement in the margins of a racist and devious regime. In addition, Esler (1996) discovered that while the white minority had full access to a high standard of life similar to that of developed countries, the black majority lingered in the sphere of mediocre education, poverty, in addition to pitiable living standards. This situation in all aspects of life led to the prevalence of low life expectancy among the blacks. South Africa had simply turned into a state that was governed by following the propositions of the whites-only referendum. Subsequently, South Africa split up from other former colonies including the Commonwealth group of British colonies. Apartheid was an ostracized political dogma which was out rightly destined in the whole world, Esler (1996) pointed out that apartheid was set up at a time when the human race had already gone through the impact of imperialism and racial discrimination culminating from the devious slavery system in America as well as the scramble for Africa. The instruments of apartheid led to isolation a nd the divestment South Africa from conventional global doings in political social as well as economic realms. The separatist and racist apartheid legislations ensured that the blacks remained at the margins of the major economic activity. On the other hand, the enacted coterie of pass legislations made it hard for the blacks majority to have access to the income generating opportunities as well as well-paid jobs in the white zones. A statement by Jean (1989) reveals that the apartheid regime made it nearly impossible and difficult for the blacks to be involved in any economic activity. For instance, most women who attempted venturing into commercial beer brewing were often raided by the police and labelled as deviants. (Op.cit) indication to the economic control imposed on women by the apartheid system was the actuality that the existence of women in towns was illegal in the authoritarian assertion of pass laws. In addition, Black men were also barred from making a living in the desirable White Zones A considerable percentage of blacks were employed in the farms owned by the whites where earnings were astonishingly low. Entrance to towns where one could have landed on a lucrative job or even better income earning prospects was closely safeguarded by the racially prejudiced regime through the implementation of stringent pass laws. The pass laws were accompanied by an endorsement in and endorsement out clause. The part was set for use by employers who in return use the clause while condemning or recommending pass holders. Subsequently, the stage administering the economic indulgence constrained the blacks to deprived rural areas identified then as Bantustans. Numerous of these reserves were supposed to be in premeditated poverty by way of prohibiting access to private possessions as part of the invasive feint customized to gag the economic opulence of black South Africans. The condition of the pass laws created for the black South Africans was part of a holistic ruse to influence the capitalist method on cheap labour. The establishment and enactment of Pass laws made it possible for the regime to incarcerate most of the black South Africans to stations where human labour was required the most like in the farms. The circumstances came with substantial law pass linked arrests in urban areas where criminals were ferried to white farms to be used as prison labourers. Verwoerd delineated that controls regarding emigration had to be stiffened to avert manpower from departing the white farming areas and instead turn into loafers in the city. (Hayward Jean 1989) One illuminate societal impact of apartheid in South Africa was its considerable effect on women. Women endured the dual brunt of gender segregation as well as racial discrimination. According to Lowis (1996), the oppression of black women was dissimilar from the type of repression directed at men. Women under apartheid had no rights (Lowis, 1996). The researcher underscores that in the profound hand of apartheid women were not allowed to access education, they had neither rights to own property nor any legal rights. Several black women had found their only financial consolation in mean jobs as either domestic workers or in the farms for meagre wages. The majority of the women had to undergo the depressing reality of horrible poverty which increased the death rate of children who heavily suffered from malnutrition. On the public facade, one main feature of the deceitful system of apartheid was the stratification and classification of people as per their respective races. Legislations such as the Population Registration Act of 1950 were enacted to assist in the categorization of all South African citizens with respect to their race. The major Classifications recognized consisted of the Whites, the Black as well as the coloured. From a different front the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953 was used to create split public facilities for use by both the blacks and the whites. This was the driving force of the apartheid philosophy which supported the racial differences as the source for nationalist economic social, as well as political policies. Sebastian (1992) highlights that the execution of the apartheid system supposed that South Africa was the first state in the world to legalize racism. In addition, Sebastian (1992) alluded to apartheid as a very repressive system that was intended to be a tool for overbearing the economic lives of all the black individuals as well as their respective physical locality. The writer notes anyone found without an approved job would be relocated off the urban or white zones. This resulted in a scenario where blacks working in urban areas lived as annual immigrants. The black were required to subsist in two different worlds where they may possibly just live with their families in remote rural area on one occasion in a long while and then travel into urban areas for over eleven months to fend for their relatives in the city, in the mines or in the mines. On the worldwide collective dais, the organization of apartheid in South Africa led to the seclusion of South Africa in worldwide sport in the mid 1950s. It should be highlighted that apartheid barred multiracial sport which had the implication that South Africa could not take part in international teams as these teams consisted of numerous races. Demands from associations such as the Non-Racial South African Sport Association put pressure on South Africa. The association made efforts and lobbied the International Committee to put weight on the South African government to influence and rectify its racial sports policies and institutions. The xenophobic antics of the apartheid were propagated and local as well as international pressure groups pushed for more efficient seclusion of South Africa. The apartheid ploy comprised of a coterie of incorporated financial and political procedures harmonized by societal strategies modified to incarcerate the black mainstream to environs of the South Africa culture. The pass regulations ended in a methodical demolition of the family component as well as the whole cultural and societal structure of the black preponderance. The popularity of felony in the slums is strongly linked with adverse state of affairs in which children are brought by principally struggling single parents, especially mothers, dwelling in the slums where the regulative father facet is constantly absent. Mermelstein David (1987) points out that a major aspect that served as a profound blow to the black community was the element of education. The blacks were supplied with a doctored Bantu learning syllabus which simply equipped the black to minister to the consumerist desires of their white masters. The definite form of education prospectus crafted in forged means to maintain blacks at the overhaul of their white masters meant that learning was not compulsory and as essential as was the case for white children. The issue policies in significant subjects for instance science, math and languages made the blacks linger in restricted profession prospects with inability to contend with their white counterparts. The education catastrophe was exasperated by University isolation which was executed in 1959 to capitulate devastating results for the blacks. Mermelstein David (1987) commented that the effects of schooling strategies are far severe than the situation tinted by South Africas school turnout and literacy facts. The researcher declares that the majority of the South Africans supposedly learned are in actuality functionally ignorant from a developed functionality perception whereas scores of those scheduled as attending school create negligible advancementÂÂ  over the years due to stumpy turnout and pass statistics. The doctored apartheid informative strategy not only dented the black societal framework but also damaged the apartheid financial system and fashioned restraining vicinities which were not in cycle with formation of a pulsating autonomous financial system. Mermelstein David (1987) explains that Apartheid teaching guidelines resulted in locating back human resource formation past a distinct generation which consequently fashioned the most essential of all financial limitations on the outlook and prediction of the advancement and growth of the state financial system and independentÂÂ  society in general. Albert Luthuli was the initial leader of black emancipation faction the African National Congress from the year 1925 to 1960. The black association idol was awarded a Nobel Peace reward for the responsibility that he cooperated in combating ethnic brutality in the 1960s. The resistance was fought from assorted angles attributing diverse conquerors at diverse intonations of the fig ht back which terminated in the voting of the ANC into authority in 1994 at the time Nelson Mandela turned out to be the earliest black president of South Africa. The Apartheid system restricted blacks in the echelon of tyranny by endorsing regulations to prohibit the dispute of blacks against the ills of the status quo. The nationwide labour decree for example was propagated to limit blacks and the citizens of colour from objecting the performance of the indigenous labour Act of 1953. In the principle of the Act Suckling, John et al (1988) remarks that the regimes administrators were given the authority to proclaim states of emergency and augment the forms of punishment that the administration were to impose. One such extraordinary state of emergency transpired at Sharpeville where almost 69 blacks died in a brutal spar amid the state military and the black protestors. The apartheid government had numerous grasps on the societal lives of the blacks. Suckling John et al (1988) comments that the rules which explicitly dealt with individual privileges necessitated that couples get country consent prior to living jointly. State establishments would either award or deny the rights of the black couples for feeble explanations frequently found on what the country usually deemed to be surplus blacks. Under the individual decrees families considered as excess were thrown out of the Bantustans and damned to live in places remote from the secured white regions. The societal lives of South Africans were as well exposed to the ruthless Immorality Act of 1950 which believed marriage involving diverse races as unlawful. Moreover, the modification of the Immorality Act in 1957 solicited that even the illustration of plans to create a relationship with somebody of an ethnicity different from yours was prohibited. Under apartheid decree blacks were suppressed from all political doings. The blacks independent rights were seized from them alongside all their civil rights which were forfeited under numerous regulations passed by the state administration. Any political configurations particularly those fashioned with the objective of communicating resistance politics was forbidden through the ratification and execution of the Suppression of Communism Act of 1950. This act offered the basis for onslaught on any sort of political movement despite of whether it was socialist or not. The detached Representation of Voters Act seized the suffrage from the control of the blacks and banned them from partaking in general voting. Sunter Clem (1987) comments that the decrees approved to control political doings were authoritative to a degree that any black who wanted to defy them risked custody demise. Sunter Clem (1987) declares that by 1963 the defence police force had exterminated more than 100 blacks in political altercations. Dozens of thousands were confined to prison many without any trial nor legal representation (Op.cit) The author also remarks that due to the tyrannical and impulsive political indulgence countless blacks died in political remonstrations and conflicts as police force and the armed forces gunned down black campaigners. By expansion The South African Statute Laws gave assertion to the South African argument to imprison any citizen to remote sections or states. The imprisonment sentence involved issues like blacks were forbidden by the country to travel, inscribe, or converse in public. Even more appalling for the blacks those confined had no supremacy to petition against the imposed endorsements. The United Nations classify South Africa as a middle revenue country with a redoubtable contribution of wealth. United Nations furthermore identify SA as a state with well industrialized economic, lawful, communication and transportation segments amid other props of one of Africas financial and political powerhouses. The South African stock trade, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) is categorized along with the pinnacle twenty in the globe. Ayittey George (2006) clarifies that the generally glowing financial infrastructure from the apartheid government of the post-apartheid black government is innate. The author comments that the financial system leverages a great deal on contemporary infrastructure which chains a proficient allocation of commodities to main hubs right through the Southern African expanse. In 2007, South Africa was categorized as 25th globally in the assessment of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of that year. South Africa is racially varied as apparent through the language strategy which holds 11 official languages. The varied music, dance as well as food from a superfluity of cultures has led to South Africa being one if the major tourist destinations. Society is nevertheless determined by the depressing crime levels which stay on as an evocative indentation to the Southern African powerhouse laden with abundant potentials. Despite having gone through apartheid, South Africa has remained to be an economic thrust in the region and in the whole continent. The present international economic predicament however pressurizes to halt the development that the country has realized in the precedent years. From Dodsons point of view, South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white, and that no government can justly claim authority unless it is based on the will of the people. This thought of equal opportunity as well as fairness was the underpinning in South Africa. Regrettably, with the arrival of the Dutch, South Africa turned into a system known as apartheid. Apartheid was a structure that ensured racial isolation, in addition to providing the whites with the power to rule above all the other races. Despite the fact that the blacks had made trials to stop the whites from gaining power. There came the effects that enclosed every facet of their life together with work, education and property. Despite all the protesting by the blacks, their attempted way out did not reasonably work. Ultimately apartheid ended in the spring of 1994. Apartheid is truly a social injustice since it brought suffering to non-white people as well as depriving them of their God given rights and privileges.