Environmental policy Essay

Environment is the surrounding of any specific object of the system. The current issue of environmental problems had risen in late 1970 when several industrials masses become evident. Several new industries started and developed several chances for employment for the world. The industries although produce a positive impact on the economy of the world with reference to their monetary benefits but they, as a counter effect, produce several harms to the society as well as their environment. Due to the fact that every input have the output which is some what lower and the remain residual as waste, the world feels that there should be some how some regulation or rules or a guide line to restrict these industries for the betterment of the society and specially for the environment. So it became much more eminent to build an effective guide line, commonly known as policy, as a safety valve for the environment of the world. So a new concept of social economics arrived. For example, an industrial unit which contributes its share to contaminate the environment has an extra opportunity cost known as social cost which effect its market position. After the emission of social economics the concept of an affective environmental control procedure or rules arises this further processed and formed an environmental policy. Although, in social economic that extra social costs were not on the account of the company that produce it but on the account of the whole market. That was the major reason behind the evolution of the environmental policy. The major key interceptors for any environmental policy are its basic harming agents which possess an effective entity in the market or economy. Like deforesting, Water contamination, greenhouse effect etc. An effective environmental policy not only contribute in the development of the country in form of its economic impact but it also prevent from over budgeting and decrease the unit of social cost of any economy. An environmental policy is the basic key element to build a cleaner and safer environment. In other words, the economic policy is the preservator of future raw material for the industries. So an effective environmental policy works as a catalyst for the development of any economy as well as it also creates a conducive environment for the labor and entrepreneurs to use their skills and capabilities. (McKee, 1991) Let’s have a look on the factors that are currently being configured as a primary concern of any environmental policy. The first factor which is currently most important is the global warming. The temperature of the world has now being in process of change. Mean to say that the temperature of the world is rising. Green House gas effect is the main reason behind that global warming. This green house gas occurs due to the emission of carbon dioxide in burning fossil fuel. Methane (a byproduct of agricultural form) is another element behind that change in temperature rise. They allow the sun heat rays to be in but they don’t allow the rays to upward emission that’s why the surface of the earth is getting much hotter. Another factor which effects the environment is clean air. Again the main source for this contamination is again fossil fuel. After burning these fuels emits carbon dioxide and carbon mono oxide which then mix with air and contaminate it acid rain is also a byproduct of this contaminated air. Another important factor is species preservation. The rapid economic growth has caused several species to vanish. Again the waste from these industries polluted water and caused serious effect on several species. Water quality is one more important factor that effect environmental policy. It’s also a major issue. Just like water pollution Air pollution with chemicals is also concerning to policy. One of the most important concerns of any environmental policy is the industrial waste because this is one of the most basic elements in contamination of almost every impurity. The true implement of any environmental policy is only possible when we have an effective management system of industrial waste distribution. That how can we protect our resources and environment from polluting by recycling or destroying our industrial waste by any means. The basic industrial waste is usually the by products of any economic yield products. This waste can be in any form. It can be solid, or liquid or gracious or in some cases, radioactive. After the starting of the era of nuclear science another form of waste arrived. This is known as nuclear waste. (Environment, 2008)

Lucy vs. Zehmer

Case Brief:W. O. LUCY AND J. C. LUCY v. A. H. ZEHMER AND IDA S. ZEHMERFacts of the Case:After several drinks, Zehmer (D) wrote and signed a contract in which he agreed to sell his farm to Lucy (P) for $50,000. Zehmer insisted that he had been intoxicated and thought the matter was a joke, not realizing that Lucy had been serious. Zehmer was trying to get Lucy to admit to not having $50,000. Lucy claimed that he was not intoxicated and believed that Zehmer was also sober. Lucy brought suit for specific performance when Zehmer refused to complete the transaction.The trial court ruled for Zehmer holding that Lucy had not established a right to specific performance. On appeal the Supreme Court of Virginia found that Zehmer was sober enough to know what he was doing and that his words and actions warranted a reasonable belief that a contract was intended. Question: In determining whether a party has made a valid offer, how does the court determine whether the party had the intent to contr act? Holding: The Supreme Court of Virginia reversed the decision of the Circuit Court of Dinwiddie County, Virginia and stated Zehmer had signed a binding contract.Reasoning:The parties of a contract do not have to mentally agree to the deal. If their words or actions have the reasonable meaning of a serious business transaction, undisclosed intentions are immaterial and do not render the contract unenforceable. A contract must have a good faith offer and a good faith acceptance with terms of consideration known by each party. The court ruled that just because Zehmer had not mentally agreed to the deal, his conduct indicated to Lucy in a reasonable manner that the transaction was not a joke, and Lucy had no knowledge of Zehmer’s mental assessment.

A Content Analysis of Internet Sites Essay

This study is an analysis of pornography of a violent nature on the internet. There were found to be varied definitions of pornography such as â€Å"sexually explicit material† and â€Å"material that combines sex and or exposure of genitals with abuse or degradation that appears to endorse, condone or encourage such behavior. † The purpose of this study is to explore the harmful effects of pornography on relationships between males and females and not so much the actual content of the sites. There was also a review of earlier research that was done. Prior analysis also included different mediums such as movies and printed magazines. The research design was specific to internet websites that marketed their sites specifically promoting violence and sex. The research included thirty-one such websites. The methods of research were various search engines, links on websites that provided links to other sites and pay for view sites through explicit advertising. Websites were compared by overall content and strong explicit images and text. The findings discovered repetitive themes and images as well as invitations to access interactive websites or programs. Research also found that the setting, type of force, instruments used, number of victims and perpetrators and race were clearly displayed. More details of the victims were revealed while little was revealed about the perpetrators. An Analysis of Intercollegiate Media Guide Cover Photographs The cover photographs marketed a pre-conceived definition of male and female athletes. The focus of this analysis was to determine how men and women athletes are portrayed on and off court based on the cover photographs. The findings were determined by asking the following questions. Was the photograph taken on or off court? Was the athlete in uniform and were they posed? Did the photograph reveal athleticism? Was there sexual suggestion of either femininity or masculinity? It found that media perpetuates inequalities between male and female athletes and influences the viewpoint of the public. Media also tends to promote the muscularity and superiority of men. The physical appearance and femininity of female athletes takes precedence over athletic abilities and performance. Getting Your Body Back This analysis was to determine how the magazine portrayed pregnancy and motherhood relative to fitness. Pregnant women have a great deal of anxiety and corporations take advantage of that and use it to market the importance of fitness before, during and after pregnancy. Fitness is portrayed as a form of empowerment and control in a woman’s life and being out of shape depicts excessiveness, lack of self-control and devalues the femininity of women even during pregnancy. It also portrays fit women as having the capacity to â€Å"do it all. † Works Cited Gill, Jugdeep Kaur. â€Å"Tips on Summary Writing. † 12 October 2008. The Star Online. 16 October 2008   http://www.thestar.com

The Extent to which Football Clubs and Governing Bodies Restrict Essay

The Extent to which Football Clubs and Governing Bodies Restrict Player Rights under Article 45 of the TFEU - Essay Example This report stresses that Article 45 of the TFEU refers to rights of workers to move freely within the union. In addition, it also contends that this freedom of movement will involve the elimination of discrimination on the basis of nationality for nationals of member states with regards to remuneration, employment, and conditions of employment and work. This paper makes a conclusion that a further alternative to the home-grown rule in countering the effects of the Bosman ruling has been the transfer fee caps, which has been seen as more attractive in restoring competitive balance. While it will restrict the signing on fees earned by player moving to other clubs, which is in contravention of Article 45(3) of the TFEU with regards to remuneration, it is more preferable to restrictions on player remuneration. However, getting back to the home-grown rule, the view that this will increase the national talent pool is a weak argument. It is evident that the best clubs always recruit the best players from their nation, meaning that there will be adequate numbers of eligible players to play for the national team. As observed by Relvas et al, the Scottish national team is not affected by the fact that most of their best players chose to play in the Premier League, while he also comments on the fact that the influx of international players int o national leagues tends to improve football skills of the domestic footballers, instead of stunting their development.

What are the Key Factors for Success (KFS) that companies in the Essay

What are the Key Factors for Success (KFS) that companies in the industry must satisfy in order to ensure survival and seek competitive advantages - Essay Example More over, it has to be accessible to the consumers. Consumers like purchasing their products from easily accessible industries where they can return them in case of malfunction. This generates confidence in the organization’s products. On the other hand, consumers have to be accessible to increase sales. Without proper access to the market, an industry may be unable to sell the anticipated amount, or may incur higher costs of distribution. The choice of the business type is of utmost importance. Investors need to identify a business and analyze the pay back period to ensure that they settle on the most applicable investment decision. It requires an analysis of the kind of consumers in the market to ascertain that the products offered by the industry match the needs of the consumers. This is significant in developing positioning strategies for the products. It is also important to ensure that products are durable, especially for a newly established business. Once investors bring their capital in to the market, they are usually faced with problems, which are common for beginners. They are initially not competitive and therefore might take long to attract customers, hence the quantity of produce needs to be controlled until the business establishes in the market. For durable products, more products may be produced to be sold in the long-run. The products should be satisfactory to the health standards. The most risky occurrence in an organization may be the revocation of an operating license. This is because it might happen when the industry is already in operation, having produced a substantial amount of commodities. This may lead to a heavy loss, hence the need to satisfy the health and safety requirements in the workplace, as well as the recommended standards in regard to quality (Hannagan, 2007 p 67). Consumers are usually sensitive to quality, especially for emerging products. The investor needs to satisfy consumer demands at

Practice skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Practice skills - Essay Example Despite of his conceptual knowledge, he did not practice anything. He only verbalized the ideas. My best manager recorded a different trend from this. He linked the gap that would exist between knowing and doing. Therefore, this manager would focus on the implementation of his ideologies and strategies within the organization. For example, he ensured resilient performance amongst employees through channeling rewards such as salary increment and promotions. This manager also ensured a hiring process that upheld competence of the recruits. He also organized seminars and team-building activities to enhance affiliation amongst the workforce. The key difference is that the worst manager would only verbalize ideas, while the other would implement them. My best and worst managers also differed in their skills. The technical skills of my worst manager were impaired. He did not use tools and equipment competently to attain desirable objectives within the organization. Consequently, processes implementation within the organization was highly impaired. This manager also had an average performance in his interpersonal and problem solving processes. My best manager possessed an ideal capacity to use tools and equipment to implement processes. His interpersonal and communication skills were outstanding. This nurtured healthy relationships amongst the workforce and himself. He portrayed an elevated degree of analytical capability. This would enable him to make feasible recommendations for organizational

John Galliano for Dior Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

John Galliano for Dior Crisis - Essay Example In ten years Maison Dior had become one of the most powerful design houses in the industry with Seventh Ave depending on Dior to lead them in a mutually beneficial relationship. In 1957 the company was grossing 17 Million dollars per year, which increased to 22 million by 1958. Yves Saint Laurant, Dior’s handpicked Head Assistant became the head of Dior, but soon left after only six collections when he was called to join the French Army. He had taken up the reigns of the Dior house when he was only twenty-one years old (Blaszczyk 93). Although the design vision of the company has had to change through the transitions of designers over the years, the company pioneered a concept that secured its position in the fashion industry. According to Blaszczyk â€Å"Maison Dior’s achievement in the history of the fashion industry lies in the creation of a format for producing profits while continuing to operate the maison as a viable business for licensing† (105). What the House of Dior did was to create the first example of the power of branding and the idea of licensing was the foundation of how the profits for branding were established. Therefore, one of the most important aspects of the nature of the business is in the perceptions that the public holds for the name of Dior. This is why the crisis that occurred with John Galliano had to be handled with care and surgical precision. The House of Dior Christian Dior is currently owned by LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton, which is owned by Bernard Arnaul. Sidney Toledano, Dior Couture’s chief executive, and the board of directors were responsible for the decision to fire Galliano during the crisis (Saltmarsh). The demographics for Dior are wide and varied, depending on what branch of the company is being discussed. However, the core of the demographics are affluent with an upper class income, varying from those who buy from the runway and are represented by the elite to those with upper middle c lass incomes that can afford higher designer level prices. The House of Dior includes Miss Dior, which is geared towards the younger woman, J’dore, which is currently the perfume that is represented by Charlize Theron, and Diorskin Forever, their skincare line represented by Natalie Portman. Dior lines include accessories, jewelry, watches, baby wear, men’s wear, and of course, women’s wear (Dior). Dior represents glamour, wealth, and couture. The house has always strived to serve the elite of the world. Christian Dior, in defiance of a restriction on fabric during World War II, created pieces in his collection that uses as much as 20 yards of fabric (Blaszczyk 93). While this suggests a sense of social defiance during a time when people were needed to band together, it also represents a belief in the luxury of life and that to live in a restricted form is to limit the possibilities. Dior’s first releases also revolutionized the look of woman. He embraced the large breasts, small waist, and long silhouette with skirts that ended at mid-calf that now still have power in women’s wear creations. His company was run with smart business moves in mind, licensing the products in order to create lines that could extend the brand. Dior is a company to be admired for the products that they produce, the luxurious lifestyle that is the cornerstone

The Narrator in the story Girl by Jamaica Kincaid Essay

The Narrator in the story Girl by Jamaica Kincaid - Essay Example Although the narrator is not male, the things she says to her daughter portray what is expected in a patriarchal society. The mother tries to raise her daughter in the same structure that she herself was raised in. she does not seem to question some of the expectations that she has on her daughter, she simply agrees with them and expects her daughter to do the same. To the reader, it is obvious that much of what the narrator teaches to her daughter is oppression, the same kind of oppression that Hook addresses in her essay (Hook 502). The narrator teaches her daughter on matters of how to obediently serve her husband and perform all the household chores that are associated with the house wife. However, she does not seem to appreciate that her daughter has and might have her own desires as a woman and as a human being. The type of nurturing that the narrator mother is trying to force on her daughter will influence her (the daughter) socially, psychologically and economically. In every thing that she does, she will always remember that society expects her to act in a certain way and that her needs do not matter. By portraying the narrator as a proponent of female oppression that is dominant in many patriarchal societies, Kincaid shows that in many societies today, women are bound to their husbands as well as their domestic affairs. The narrator tells the girl to â€Å" cook pumpkin fritters in very sweet oil, this is how to behave in the presence of men, this is how to bully a man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kincaid). The narrator is like a drill sergeant, her work is to instill what she believes to be acceptable behavior to her daughter. When the daughter tries to intervene or ask a question, the mother ignores her and continues with her indoctrination. This... The paper dwells upon the narration of the story. By portraying the narrator as a proponent of female oppression that is dominant in many patriarchal societies, Kincaid shows that in many societies today, women are bound to their husbands as well as their domestic affairs. The narrator tells the girl to â€Å" cook pumpkin fritters in very sweet oil, this is how to behave in the presence of men, this is how to bully a man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kincaid). The narrator is like a drill sergeant, her work is to instill what she believes to be acceptable behavior to her daughter. When the daughter tries to intervene or ask a question, the mother ignores her and continues with her indoctrination. This is symbolic of how women are expected to accept their roles without asking too many questions. They are not expected to venture outside their normal household chores. This is a clear indication of the difference between gender roles commonly found in many patriarchal societies.

Practice of Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Practice of Research - Assignment Example Being one of the most challenging activities in the research process, reviewing of the available literature is an important principle. It enables the researcher come up with a researchable problem. In their book titled â€Å"Practical Research: Planning and Design,† the authors Leedy and Ormrod (2010) put forth the statement that, â€Å"the existing literature is likely to tell you what is not known in the area- in other words, what still needs to be done.† Reviewing the available literature will expose the researcher to several areas of concern with the likelihood and expectation that he or she will generate sub-problems from the material before going to the major problems. Identifying a problem related to the researchers themselves is important since it will naturally motivate them into researching more (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010). After identifying this kind of problem, the researcher should then focus on the purpose of the research at hand with the ability of developing substantial

Date Rape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Date Rape - Essay Example This will bring the researchers one large step closer to determining which factors are correlated with the occurrence of date rape incidents. This is an important aim for the researchers to focus on, as it will help them keep the acquisition of information limited to valid and relevant data. Another aim of the research should be to ensure that the data collected is of high validity as well as responsibility, as these two characteristics are major determinants of how valuable the collected data is to the research. The methodology can ensure this through the careful selection of sources, highly skilled researchers and the use of comparison groups, the latter of which is essential when determining correlations (Kumar, 2005). These tactics will be explained in further detail in the latter part of this paper. Finally, the researchers will aim to conduct the research within the time and resources allotted, since this is a proven challenge concerning primary research. Resources Needed The r esearch will require time, financial funding, and a team of experienced researchers. As time is a large constraint when it comes to primary research, the researchers will have a total of three months to conduct their research. If the research goes as planned, this will be an ample amount of time for the researchers to collect and assemble the data, so that the researchers can embark on the following stages of the research, such as statistical analysis of the data as well as the textual analysis of the gathered facts. The researchers will also have to adhere to the financial plan that the researcher will choose once the funding is secured. Finally, the research team should consist of four to five experienced and skilled researchers, who will be conducting the surveys, interviews as well as any other forms of research necessary. According to the plan for research, this number of researchers will be sufficient for completing the research within the allotted time. Sample In order to gat her sufficient and reliable evidence, the researcher will need to use a broad sample. The sample in this case will be the north side of the city of Houston (you may change it). Within this sample, the main sources of information will be police stations, hospital records, prison records and, if possible, members of support groups for rape victims, all of which are available in comparatively higher quality documentation as opposed to other areas of the Texas. The research will focus on rape cases reported within the previous year, whereas the victims interviewed will be those relevant to cases within the last two years. This is because, one year’s records of reported cases will be accessible the researchers without much difficulty, and will thus be enough. However, the researcher anticipates that finding rape victims who are willing to be give interviews will prove to be a very difficult task, not just because of the highly traumatic nature of the crime, but also the cultural f actors relevant in this situation. People do not openly discuss the sensitive topic of rape, where the victims are more likely to hide away instead of actively confronting the happening of such an incident. Thus, victims will be hesitant to be give interviews about their incidents, which will result in a very small number of interviews from this source of research. Thus, it would be more practical to take into account, the victims of more than one year. This sample size will roughly draw around a hundred cases, which is the minimum number expected from one year’s data. The sources of surveys and checking criminal records will be for extracting enough data to run statistical analy

False Catholic Beliefs Essay Example for Free

False Catholic Beliefs Essay The two authors namely Gross and Blackbourn made an account about German Catholicism in the 18th Century. Their works: â€Å"The Strange Case of the Nun in the Dungeon and Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Bismarckian Germany†, respectively are expositions of how the noblest human acts and beliefs can be turned into atrocities and monstrous behaviors if that self giving is overshadowed with power or other ulterior motives. Freedom of Religion is man’s greatest endeavor to fulfill his end. However, if the means to achieve the end becomes evil it no longer serves man’s purpose but becomes destruction to man’s life and being. In the case of the nun Barbara, it is so unlikely that someone needs to be locked up for 21 years simply because that woman can not live her state in life. The vocation to celibacy is a free gift and not given to all. In fact, the best place for a woman is still in the home. Is the nun in the dungeon really insane or just maltreated? What is the real reason why she was in the nunnery? Again, in those questions it is no longer a reason if she is a madwoman but her lack of freedom and those people around her who were influenced by evil or may used coercion as force needed to be looked in depth. What made this people think that way, and what kind of a leader or a superior does her congregation have? Was it is because her time was during the Dark Ages in Christianity where people are kind of confused? Could it be also a time in the history of mankind that the female gender is not absolutely understood? On the accounts given by the authors especially that of Blackbourn, when he tried to gather information of the German Madonna, he pointed out on the common beliefs of that time and was able to conclude that the apparitions is not real. This is another lesson to bear in mind that popular beliefs are not always the bearer of truth. Human at the same time is so fallible, that if guided by a blind guide can be trapped into a pit. The two authors have manifested in their works that man to be rational must be free and knowledgeable of the truth. References Gross, Michael B. (2000), The Strange Case of the Nun in the Dungeon : German Studies Review [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 22 February 2008 from, thttp://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0149-7952%28200002%2923%3A1%3C69%3ATSCOTN%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-N Blackbourn, David, Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Bismarckian Germany

The Fate of a Creative Person Essay Example for Free

The Fate of a Creative Person Essay The Fate of a Creative Person What is creativity? Who are creative people? What role do they play in our society? Creativity refers to the phenomenon whereby a person creates something new (a product, a solution, a work of art etc. ) that has some kind of value. According to this definition we may conclude that creative persons are those people who are able to produce something new that has some kind of value, both personal and public. On the one hand, many scholars are sure that people reveal their creative abilities only when they are surrounded by positive things, when they have a loving family, good friends. On the other hand, some researches show that many people can create something only when their life is full of hardships and difficulties. Many writers devoted their works to description of creative people’s life. Among them are William Somerset Maugham, Kazuo Ishiguro, Mary Shelly and Ernest Hemingway. To my mind this fact proves that the fate of creative persons has interested people since long ago. To watch how the above mentioned writers reflected the fate of creative people in literature we decided to analyze the protagonists’ characters of the three novels: â€Å"The Painted Veil†, â€Å"An Artist of the Floating World†, â€Å"Frankenstein† – and a short story â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro†. All these characters have both similar and different traits: they devoted their life to different fields of science and art (Walter Fane – to biology, Masui Ono- to painting, Victor Frankenstein- to study of chemical processes and the decay of living beings, Harry-to literature), but the end of their life is the same (all of them, except Masui Ono, died at the end of the book). Now let’s have a deeper look at these characters. Walter Fane is one of the main heroes in the novel â€Å"The Painted Veil† by W. S. Maugham. He was a young, poor but giving great hopes biologist when he first saw Kitty and married her, thinking that he really loved her. As the novel progresses Walter starts to understand that marriage with Kitty was the greatest mistake in his life. At first he put all the blame for distraction of their marriage on Kitty. She wasn’t fair to him when started to have affairs with Charles Townsend. But later Walter realizes that part of the blame was on him, it was he who proposed to Kitty without getting to know her properly. Walter tries to find the escape from the problems in science. He convinces Kitty in Charles’s shallowness, cowardice and deception and persuades her to move with him to China where he will be curing people of epidemic disease. This trip became a crucial moment both for Kitty and Walter, from this moment they started to understand and respect each other. Days and nights Walter spends at the laboratory trying to find the cure. People treat him as a saint, only Kitty at first doesn’t notice that he is a very intelligent, kind person, devoted to his job. I think he would be also devoted to a family if he had a good one. May be Walter hoped even that everything can be good in the near future, he notices that Kitty changes, she becomes more thoughtful, more sensible. But Kitty destroys his hopes when she understands that she is pregnant, but on Walter’s question â€Å"Who is the father? † she says â€Å"I don’t know†. Shortly after that Walter dies, supposedly in the result of experiments that he carries out in himself trying to find the cure. But the reader doesn’t know whether all this happened by accident or whether Walter did it deliberately, as his hopes for happy life had been destroyed. The tragedy of Walter’s life is in his deep involvement in science. Being absorbed by it since youth he failed to make out between true feelings and Kitty’s desire not to lag behind her younger sister and marry someone as soon as possible. So, from the example of this hero we can see that sometimes people of great creative potential are too devoted to their occupation, they are very successful in their job, but suffer in everyday life, being unable to accommodate to it. Another example of a creative person in literature is Masui Ono, an elderly man who devoted his life to paintings. His creativity, his art had a destructing character. He and some other painters and composers during World War II propaganded Japan’s involvement in the war and German’s support by their works. When a young man, Masui depicted in his works â€Å"a floating world†: beauty of nature, beauty of women, night pleasures- all the things that were not forever. But later when he matured, when he realized that his country was in crisis, that poverty and famine were progressing, Masui decided to do everything he could to help people. This decision seems very generous, but the way he embodies his plans and the results of these plans change the reader’s mind. In his pictures he calls people to join the army and help Germany to lead the war, hoping that the win in it will help his country to overcome all the difficulties. On the one hand, we can’t despise him, because everything he did was realization of his sincere desire to help his country, and besides he also suffered as he lost his wife and his son in the war. But on the other hand, Masui and people having the same ideas, who were blind and couldn’t see the real political situation, led the country to even more critical situation, because the war brought nothing but ruins and dead bodies. In the period of reconstruction such people like Ono become outcast, some of them even commit suicide, some of them are too old and just spend their last years in loneliness. Ono in comparison with such people is not lonely, he has a family: two daughters and a grandson. He never stays at home alone, his elder daughter very often comes to visit him. But Masui isn’t lonely only on the surface, deep inside he is extremely lonely: his daughters don’t understand him, they watch at him like at an elderly man, all they feel is only pity. Masui’s past has influenced not only his own life but also lives of his children: his younger daughter couldn’t marry, because young men didn’t want to have any business with a family, that had contributed to the destruction of the country. So, the tragedy of such people like Masui Ono is that they failed to give their gift the right direction. People could have admired Ono’s works, but he didn’t manage to make out between art and politics, two things that are very rarely can be combined. The third novel tells us a story of Victor Frankenstein, a young man who became interested in science since the very childhood. His study at the university has inspired him to the terrific experiment-creation of a living being from dead people’s bodies. He becomes fascinated with the â€Å"secret of life,† discovers it, and brings a hideous monster to life. The monster proceeds to kill Victor’s youngest brother, best friend, and wife; he also indirectly causes the deaths of two other innocents, including Victor’s father. Though torn by shame and guilt, Victor refuses to admit to anyone the horror of what he has created, even as he sees that he loses control of his creature. As the novel progresses Victor turns from an innocent youth fascinated by science into a disillusioned man determined to destroy the result of his horrific experiment by all means. At first Victor doesn’t care about the results of his experiments, he cuts himself off from the society and carries his experiments out. He lacks humanity in spite of the fact that he was brought up in a big family, in which everyone loved and respected each other. He takes the responsibility of the God for making people alive, but can’t cope with the consequences. He realizes what he really had done only after the monster starts killing people who were close to him. The rest of his life Victor devotes to searching for the monster and killing him, but dies himself. His life and life of all his relatives-that is the price that victor payed for his thoughtless experiments. The example of this character, as well as the example of the character from the previous novel, one more time proves the fact that not always creative people know, how to use their gift. Instead of using it for peaceful purposes they are blindly wasting it or are directing it to dangerous innovations. Creation of the monster by Victor Frankenstein in the novel can be put on the same scale with creation of the atomic bomb. The protagonist of the short story â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† Harry is a writer, who during his travel in Africa infected his cut on the leg and is dying from gangrene. This character is as lonely in life as Masui Ono: he has a woman who loves him, but he doesn’t love her, she is reach and this is the main reason for Harry’s staying with her. In fact he was lonely all his life: he loved a lot of women but all of them left him because he was demanding too much. The problem of this character is that only at the end of his life Harry realizes that he didn’t manage to write about everything he wanted, that he did very little in this life. Lying on the stretcher in the last evening before his death, the hero recollects all the events he would like to describe in his books in details. Rich imagination of this person, imagination that wasn’t fully used, is revealed in the last minutes of the hero’s life: his death seems to him a flight on the helicopter to his destiny a snowy peak of Kilimanjaro. To make a conclusion I would like to say that a fate of a creative person has been quite a hot issue in literature for many centuries and is touched upon by many contemporary writers. Different writers took different protagonists for their books but many of them make such heroes unhappy outcast of the society. They can’t find their place in the world by different reasons: one of them are so absorbed by their ideas that can’t distinguish people’s true feelings, others can’t direct their creativity in the right way, others use only very small part of their talent and don’t perform their function in this world. If you have gift it means you were touched by God and you should create only good things using this gift. If your creativity brings destruction you will be punished by God.

The purpose of Corporate social responsibility

The purpose of Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR) covers the responsibilities corporations have to the societies within which they are based and operate. More specifically, CSR involves a business identifying its stakeholder groups and incorporating their needs and values within the strategic and day-to-day decision-making process. Therefore, a business society within which it operates, which defines the number of stakeholders to which the organization has a responsibility, may be broad or narrow depending on the industry in which the firm operates and its perspective. There is still having other definitions for CSR. Such as, based on South China Morning Post, 2002, the notion of companies looking beyond profits to their role in society is generally termed corporate social responsibility (CSR). It refers to a company linking itself with ethical values, transparency, employee relations, compliance with legal requirements and overall respect for the communities in which they operate. It goes beyond the occasional community service action, however, as CSR is a corporate philosophy that drives strategic decision-making, partner selection, hiring practices and, ultimately, brand development. Beside, according to Archie B. Carroll, 1979, the social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time. On the other hand, the Institute of Directors, UK, 2002, stated that CSR is about businesses and other organizations going beyond the legal obligations to manage the impact they have on the environment and society. In particular, this could include how organizations interact with their employees, suppliers, customers and the communities in which they operate, as well as the extent they attempt to protect the environment. CSR is a means of analyzing the inter-dependent relationships that exist between businesses and economic systems, and the communities within which they are based. CSR is a means of discussing the extent of any obligations a business has to its immediate society and also a way of proposing policy ideas on how those obligations can be met as well as a tool by which the benefits to a business for meeting those obligations can be identified. Today, companies permanently need to implement solutions aimed at generating competitive advantage that allow them to survive and be successful in ever changing and demanding markets. Therefore, to focus on customers is a common denominator for organizations, aiming to meet their needs and satisfy their expectations. Society has become one of the players as one of the actors that highly influence corporate behavior. Communities have expressed more mistrust of corporations because of various scandals. This has put business ethics in the spot light influencing companies to be good corporate citizens, respecting the law but also to create good social values and principles. Today, the level of demand goes beyond the direct impact of the organizations business to also incorporate how corporations can contribute to societal and environmental causes. For corporations, these activities are manifested through the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, from a corporate perspective, it is difficult to measure if these changes can have a positive impact on a firm. To analyse the companies financial performance, the profitability ratios such as profit margin, asset turnover, return on assets, return on common stockholders equity, earnings per share and price-earnings ratio had been used. Net profit margin is a widely used ratio in the assessment of company performance and in comparisons with other companies. A higher margin generally suggests good performance. For the AirAsia Berhad, in year 2007, net profit margin is 20.02% but it decreased to -13.35% in year 2008 and increased to 29.13% in year 2009. ChangHuat Corporation Berhad is having net profit margin 1.81%, -11.09% in year 2008 and -3.63% in year 2009. On the other hand, the return on capital employed is a fundamental measure of the profitability of a company. It is a popular indicator of management efficiency because it contrasts the net profit generated by the company with the total value of fixed and current assets which are presumed to be under management control. Therefore, the ROCE demonstrates how well the management has utilized total assets. The ratio for the year 2007 is 10.44% but decreased to -21.90% in year 2008 and increased to 34.82%. For the ChangHuat Corporation Berhad, the ratio for the year 2007 is 2.15%, -16.39% in year 2008 and -3.38% in year 2009. Besides, the return on equity is a measure of how well a company used reinvested earnings to generate additional earnings, equal to a fiscal years after-tax income divided by book value, expressed as a percentage. It is used as a general indication of the companys efficiency. In other words, how much profit it is able to generate given the resources provided by its stockholders. Investors usually look for companies with returns on equity that are high and growing. The ratio for the year 2007 is 20.28%, -30.93% in year 2008 and 19.32% in year 2009. But for the ChangHuat Corporation Berhad, it is having 1.16% in year 2007, -18.13% in year 2008, and -6.30% in year 2009. The inventory turnover is a measure of how much sales are generated by the capital asset base of a company. Although the ratio can act as a good guide to company performance, it can also be misleading. If the inventory turnover increases, either the total value of sales is increasing, or the capital asset base is decreasing, or both. If it is because sales are increasing, this might signify improved performance. The ratio of inventory turnover period for the AirAsia Berhad is -57.41days for the year 2007, -31.88days for the year 2008 and -24.88days for the year 2009. On the other hand, ChangHuat Corporation Berhad is -76.33days in year 2007, -66.59days in year 2008 and -29.76days in year 2009. Furthermore, earnings per share (EPS) indicates the amount of profit after tax, interest and dividends to preference shares has been earned for each ordinary share. AirAsia Berhad is earned RM 0.181 per share in year 2007, RM -0.211 per share in year 2008 and RM 0.206 in year 2009; ChangHuat Corporation Berhad is earned RM 0.0212 per share in year 2007, RM -0.2812 in year 2008 and RM -0.1183 in year 2009. Price earnings ratio is calculated using the current share price and current earnings. It is a measure of market confidence in the shares of a company. However, the market price also takes into account anticipated changes in the earnings arising from their assessment of a marco events such as political factors, economic factors and the market conditions. It is also influenced by company-related events. The ratio for the AirAsia Berhad is 8.84 in year 2007 and 6.70 in year 2009 but for the ChangHuat Corporation Berhad, it is only have 3.07 in 2007. Comparing these two companies, the financial performance of AirAsia Berhad is much better than ChangHuat Corporation Berhad. The net profit margin for AirAsia Berhad is more than 20% (but the year 2008 is having negative) but ChangHuat Corporation Berhad only have less than 10% and also having negative percentage in year 2008 and 2009. In conclusion, having more corporate social responsibility will lead company to have better performance.

Dolly and the New Age of Cloning :: Genetic Engineering Essays

Dolly and the New Age of Cloning The concept of cloning is not new. Organisms ranging from microbes (for example bacteria) and animals (such as aphids and even certain species of shrimp and snails) have practiced asexual reproduction for millions of years, where the offspring are exact duplicates of the parents. It is also not uncommon to encounter identical twins among the more complex life forms like mammals. Twins are in essence clones as they share the same genetic blueprint. What then is so significant about Dolly? In the research paper published by I. Wilmut, W.A. Ritchie, J. McWhir and K.H.S. Campbell (1), Dolly was described as the first known mammal to be cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line. This technique is revolutionary as it dispelled a dogma in biology that upholds the notion of differentiated cells, being highly specialized, are irreversibly altered to an extent that would render them unable to inter-convert between cell forms (i.e a lymphocyte is not able to produce a nerve cell and vice versa). Dolly is living proof that a differentiated cell, such as one in the udder of sheep, has not only the potential of creating other tissue forms, but the entire living being. The evidence gathered from Dolly also went one step further to establish that organisms produced in such a way were not disadvantaged in their general physiological or reproductive function. Thus the new age of cloning was born with Dolly as its flagship. The success of Dr Ian Wilmut and his team in creating Dolly sparked global interest. This has greatly benefitted science as it has accelerated the rate at which knowledge is assimilated in the field of cloning. Many attempts have been to clone other mammals (for example cows or pigs). However they do not always yield fruitful results. Dolly can be considered to be a success among 277 failures. Indeed of the 277 oocytes used in the experiment, only one yielded a success. The techniques used in cloning would have to be refined before it can be universally applied. We have now uncovered other interesting facts about Dolly and cloning. For example, Dolly is considered to be "older" than her natural counterparts by a measure of the length of her telomeres that was found to be relatively shorter. However Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) of Worcester, Massachusetts, using different techniques than Dr Ian Wilmut and his team, pro duced calves that were found to have longer telomeres (2).

The Day That Changed My Life Forever :: Personal Narrative Essays

Throughout life we come across many people, some who influence us in negative ways, and those who influence in good ways, often changing our complete outlook on life. For me, it took the struggle of one of my best friends to open my eyes. I only wish it wasn't too late to thank her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I grew up having more than the average kid. My parents bought me nice clothes, stereos, Nintendo games, mostly everything I needed and wanted. They supported me in everything I did. At that point in my life I was very involved with figure skating. I never cared how much of our money it took, or how much of my parents' time it occupied, all I thought about was the shiny new ice skates and frilly outfits I wanted. Along with my involvement in soccer, the two sports took most of my parents' time, and a good portion of their money. Growing up with such luxuries I began to take things for granted. I expected things, rather than being thankful for what I had and disregarded my parent's wishes, thinking only of myself. Apparently my parents recognized my behavior and began limiting my privileges. When I didn't get what I wanted I got upset and mad at my parents somehow blaming them for all my problems. Now don't get me wrong, I wasn't a bad kid, I just didn't know how el se to act. I had never been exposed to anything less than what I had and didn't realize how good I had it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regina Maywack lived just down the road from me. Before 5th grade I never knew who she was. As the year progressed we got closer and closer. Regina was extremely talented. She was, in my mind, a genius; she loved school and always did well. She was also blessed with athletic ability. Something I respected since most other kids we knew weren't involved in sports. No matter what day it was I always went to school knowing that Regina would be there with a smile on her face. It seemed as though she didn't have a care in the world. There were days I would show up mad at something my parents had done, or at something that hadn't gone my way, and she would just look at me with those honest eyes and tell me to be thankful for the good things.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire :: essays research papers fc

The Fall of the Roman Empire For men who had easily endured hardship, danger and difficult uncertainty, leisure and riches, though in some ways desirable, proved burdensome and a source of grief. The causes for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic cannot be attributed to a single event, trend or individual, rather it was due to a combination of all three in varying degrees. The principal and fundamental cause was the breakdown of the political checks and balances, particularly the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This subversion occurred both accidentally and through the subversive behavior of individuals, unconsciously and consciously undermining the fabric of the republic in their quest for power and glory. One substantial outcome of this incapacitation was the emergence of violence as a political means. Once this had occurred the end of the old republic was heralded an autocratic dictatorship was born. The republic was born out of a collapsed monarchy and was specifically geared to prevent a centraliz ation of power. The mechanisms to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a document that outlined the ladder of offices. It demanded, among other things, 10 years of military or legal service before any magistracy could be held, annual election and two years between consecutive offices. This system was designed to ensure that no individual could become too powerful by dividing jurisdiction between several groups and allowing for veto. The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius are often blamed for causing divisions and antagonizing the aristocracy and particularly the senate by introducing laws and legislation that, although promoting egalitarianism for the poor, were catalysts to later breaches of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws enacted without consulting the senate. This weakened the senate's power and started a trend of ignoring the senate that remained until the breakdown. These Graccian reforms included the implementation of a welfare system whereby R omans citizens would be given free corn and the Lex Agraria or land reforms that broke down the latafundia and increased the number of small-scale farms. The welfare corn system not only aroused violent anger from the nobility but also created an urban mob that relied on handouts and later participated in violence. Tiberius Gracchus ran for election to the tribunate for two years consecutively (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct contradiction to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they heard of Tiberius' plan, killed him.

Five Sociological terms and concepts Essay

The purpose of this paper is to talk about the five sociological terms, concepts or theories that I feel have impacted my understanding of the social world. These terms, concepts and theories include the social construction of reality, sociological perspective, observational research, operational definition and debunking. I will define each concept and then briefly explain how the concept helped me understand the process by which reality is socially constructed. The first concept that impacted my understanding of the social world is the social construction of reality. The social construction of reality is our perception of reality is built for us by other people. It isn’t determined by other people but it is heavily influenced by other people. Things that influence our social construction of reality could be our parents, friends, neighborhoods we lived in, schools we attended and everybody and everything we came in contact throughout our lives. The social construction of reali ty helped me better understand how reality is socially constructed because it showed me how other people can influence an individual and shaped them into the person they are. The second concept that impacted my understanding of the social world is the sociological perspective. A perspective is the way to see the world. There are many different perspectives that include anything from The Historical Perspective to The Psychological Perspective. Specifically, The Sociological Perspective states that the world doesn’t consist of a reality that everyone sees in the exact same way. Everyone views situations from different angles. With The Sociological Perspective, it doesn’t matter who is right and who is wrong. The Sociological Perspective is only concerned with whether they are seeing the big picture. The Sociological Perspective exists so that we can view social reality from as many perspectives as possible instead of looking at it from your own. The Sociological Perspective helped me better understand how reality is socially constructed because now I actively use it look at situations, I now try to view situations from other peoples perspectiv es. The third concept that impacted my understanding of the social world is observational research. Observational Research is a tool that sociologists  use to gather data on certain subjects and theories. First there is Participant Observation. Participant Observation is the observation on a subject that is done personally the researcher. The second type is Naturalistic Observation. Naturalistic Observation is the observation of subjects in their natural environment usually without the knowledge of the subjects in order to get more accurate data. Observational Research helped me better understand how reality is socially constructed by producing data that opens our minds in the social world. The forth term that impacted my understanding of the social world is Operational Definition. Operational Definition is a definition that can be measured. Operational Definitions specify definitions as much as possible. It can be measured in many different ways, whether it be numerical or just a more specific definition of a word. Operational Definition helped me better understand how society is socially constructed by giving a more descriptive definition of different word that would otherwise would not have been measured. The fifth and final concept that impacted my understanding of the social world is Debunking. Debunking is one of Peter Berger’s motifs for sociological consciousness. Debunking is the examining of social beliefs to see if they’re supported by empirical evidence. It’s used to look beyond the facts and refers to looking at the behind-the-scenes patterns and processes that shape the behavior observed in the social world. Debunking helped me better understand how society is socially constructed by proving that things aren’t always what they look like until you look past the surface and see the things that shape our behavior in the social world. This paper’s purpose was to talk about the five sociological terms, concepts or theories that I feel have impacted my understanding of the social world. The paper included social construction of reality, sociological perspective, observational research, operational definition and debunking, all of which impacted my understanding of how society is socially constructed.

Bohemian Rhapsody: an Existentialistic Piece of Literature Essay

The song bohemian rhapsody by Queen relates to existentialism in which the song talks about an existentialist’s way of life. Existentialism is the belief that people are searching to find out who and what they are throughout life as they make choices based on their experiences, beliefs, and outlooks. Existentialism is centered upon the analysis of existence and the way humans find themselves existing in the world. The song bohemian rhapsody has several different qualities that make it an existentialistic piece of literature. At first glance Bohemian rhapsody is about a man ashamed about murdering another human being. After looking at it closer there are examples of an existentialistic lifestyle. Bohemian rhapsody starts with narrator’s shock of the realization that he just committed a major crime, â€Å"caught in a landslide, no escape from reality†, and how he cannot believe he just murdered a man. Existentialists believe that decisions are not without stress and consequences. The line â€Å"I’m just a poor boy, I need no sympathy† is a great example of how he doesn’t want sympathy for the decision he made to kill a man because he knows that that decision will bring him stress and consequences. The narrator states how he is â€Å"easy come, easy go’, inferring that he usually as it comes and learns along the way, yet another belief of existentialist. Existentialist usually do not believe in a god or an afterlife so they believe that anything acquired in this life will not matter after they are dead. You can also consider the line â€Å"Any way the wind blows doesn’t really matter to me† as another existentialistic idea incorporated in the song because the narrator infers that he doesn’t really care what will happen to him because none of it will matter when he is dead. The line â€Å"easy come, easy go, will you let me go†, has a little more meaning to it the earlier line, â€Å"easy come, easy go†. The added line â€Å"will you let me go† shows that he takes responsibility for what he has done but wants others to forget him because it will not matter when they are all dead. The stanza â€Å"Nothing really matters, anyone can see, Nothing really matters, Nothing really matters to me Any way the wind blows ENDED. † Also shows how the existentialists believe that nothing really matters in life because once you are gone nothing you did in this life will matter. All of these lyrics show how existentialism is incorporated into the song bohemian rhapsody.

Motivation Evaluation Essay

Motivation Evaluation Motivation has three major viewpoints consisting of psychoanalytic, humanistic, and diversity (McAdams, 2009). Another approach to human motivations is Henry Murray’s theory. These views can help a person understand the motivations of others. In the case of Ted Bundy, using these viewpoints can help understand the reasons behind his motives for becoming a serial killer. Psychoanalytic view At an early age, Ted Bundy became interested in disturbing objects such as knives (bio. True Story, 2013). This was only the beginning however. As a teenager Bundy began looking through people’s windows and stealing (bio. True Story, 2013). In an interview before his death, he told psychologist James C. Dobson that pornography especially those that depicted violent sexual relations fueled his reasons (interview, January 23, 1989). This fits into Freud’s view that motivation comes from our sexual and aggressive urges (McAdams, 2009). Humanistic view Humanists believe that people’s motives stem from wanting to better themselves (McAdams, 2009). While Bundy’s murderous crimes do not convey a person who is trying to better their self his academic and social life does. After Bundy learned his sister was actually his mother and the devastating break up between him and his girlfriend he threw himself into his studies and graduated with honors (bio, 2013). Bundy also became a republican campaigner for the governor of Washington who wrote him a letter of recommendation for law school (bio. True Story, 2013). Diversity view The diversity view believes that people are motivated by a number of things (McAdams, 2009). The reason for Bundy’s rampage on killing women falls under the diversity view because pornography is not believed to be his only reason. While in college he fell in love with a woman who did not reciprocate the feelings he did (bio, 2013). His victims during his killing spree shared her physical characteristics; it is possible this heart break  drove him to doing harm to women who resembled her (bio, 2013). Henry Murray’s Theory Another view of motivation comes from Henry Murray. He believes that a person’s motivation comes from time and its force includes needs, press, and thema (McAdams, 2009). Needs are constructs of the brain that deals with human thinking, perceiving, strivings, and feelings (McAdams, 2009). Press is, according to McAdams (2009) â€Å"various situational constraints and opportunities for need expression â€Å"(279). The repeated interaction between the two is called the thema (McAdams, 2009). Conclusion The psychoanalytic perspective believes that motivations come from our sexual and aggressive urges; the humanistic believes that these motives stem from wanting to better ourselves, and the diversity view states that there are numerous motives for individual actions (McAdams, 2009). Another view point is found from Henry Murray who discusses how a person’s needs motivate them. Ted Bundy was a serial killer who’s motives could be explained using each one of the viewpoints including how his ambitions to kill started and what could have possibly pushed him over his hypothetical ledge. Reference bio.. (2013). Ted Bundy Biography. Retrieved from http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/ted-bundy.html bio. True Story. (2013). Ted Bundy. biography. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/ted-bundy-9231165?page=1 McAdams, D. P. (2009). The person: An introduction to the science of personality psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

My Aim in Life to be a Doctor Essay

Different peoples have different goals in their life. There are various professions like engineer, teacher, scientist, lecturer , doctor etc. But for achieving our aims we have to work from the very beginning. We also have to work very hard in proper way. Because without working sincerely we can’t achieve our set targets in our life. But for all these things we have to know our strength and weakness. The strength in a subject must be kept in mind for choosing the right path of success. I searched my plus and minus side of intelligence and knew that I have a strong memory power. I score also well in science subject . Therefore I decided to become a Doctor. It is because I judged my strength and I gave priority to my choice. As I am a girl this profession is quite suit to me. I usually read science and it was just like my dream to be a doctor. Second reason- One day when I was going with my family to market for marketing. I saw a poor man begging for his son. I saw that his son was dying because of a disease. I don’t know what was the disease. From that day I determined I will become a doctor to help the needy and poor people. It is a very rewarding and satisfactory job. I know that becoming a doctor is not a very easy task. It is a long journey of study to become a good doctor. But I have confidence in myself to accomplish the target. A doctor is someone who can help ill people anywhere anytime and can give his family good cure for health. Doctors are very respected people . There are many types of doctors like eye-specialist, skin-specialist etc. I want to become a medical doctor. It is distant from surgical work. Surgical job is not my favorite one. Many more can be written about â€Å"the aim of becoming a doctor†. I will elaborate this one in my next essay.

DD121 TMA03 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DD121 TMA03 - Essay Example But Darwin also stressed the role of interaction between individuals, and equally important is the effect of the dynamic interactive environment. â€Å"Our differences are also a product of our social relations, cultural processes, the kinds of environments we are born into, the environments we live in, our bodies and so on.† (Hinchcliffe, 2000) So, natural differences exist but complex and interactive processes play a very significant role. IQ tests are designed to measure intelligence and claim to be culture-free. The problem with these tests is that they are designed to â€Å"measure problem-solving skills in the abstract rather than in the world of social relations and experience† (Hinchcliffe, 2000) i.e. they do not measure social intelligence. Also, the skills required for being successful in IQ tests can be easily practiced but they are a result of education, which is a social experience. Moreover, they are not independent of culture. The criticisms apply specially to verbal tests because they are â€Å"totally dependent on Western knowledge which is only available in certain cultures.† (Hinchcliffe, 2000) This puts children who have not been exposed to the same environment at a distinct disadvantage. Studies on twins for example, who largely share their upbringing in the same socio-cultural environment show that they have similar IQ scores. Albeit a restrictive definition, a market is â€Å"a physical place where many buyers and sellers come together to trade goods and services, exchanging them usually for money.† (Hinchcliffe, 2000) But exchange can take place in many ways e.g. through a catalogue or over the Internet, and the goods exchanged are not necessarily tangible. Thus, there are two economic agents who interact in a social space; rules govern how they interact and â€Å"a sale results in the transfer of property rights† (Hinchcliffe, 2000), and markets neither

It is necessary for large listed companies in different countries to Assignment

It is necessary for large listed companies in different countries to prepare financial statements using uniform accounting stand - Assignment Example Financial accounting and managerial accounting deal with the preparation of accounting reports that provide information for decision making. Financial accounting deals with the preparation of financial statements such as the balance sheets and the profit and loss accounts. These are disclosed to both internal and external users. The internal users include the management and employees. Management accounting deals with the preparation of accounts that are used internally by management for decision making. Financial accounting statements are subject to the scrutiny of outsiders; potential investors, financial institutions and economic analysts compared to managerial accounts that are used internally by management (Ramanna & Sletten, 2009). Financial accounts provide information on the financial position and position of the business whereas management accounts provide information for planning, budgets and controls for management decision making. This explains why financial accounts need to follow certain standards compared to managerial accounts. Due to globalization, countries need to speak the same language internationally so that the accounts produced can be understood and improve investor confidence regardless of the country concerned. This paper sets out to explain what IFRS is, the arguments for and against using uniform accounting standards in the preparation of financial statements and the flexibility of the preparation of management accounting reports (Caroline, 2010). History of International Financial Reporting Standards The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was formed to promote the adoption of the IFRS so that there is worldwide consistency in financial reporting regardless of where the organization was located. The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was formed in 1973 to prepare standards that would be used by smaller nations in creating their own internal accounting standards. This was succeeded by the IASB in 2001. GAA P is an appropriate tool for financial reporting where organizations operate within a country’s borders with reason. With globalization a company may find it difficult to compare its financial statements using its GAAP without violating the GAAP of another. IFRS were developed due to the growth of global markets and the desire by multinationals and organizations to have one common set of financial statements that can be understood internationally. The IASB was mandated to develop high quality accounting standards that would reduce the cost of doing business, increase efficiency and provide information for potential investors. Currently, there are over 100 countries that have adopted the IFRS. There are many countries that are in the process of replacing the local standards with IFRS such as the US (Armstrong, Barth, Jagolinzer, & Riedl, 2010). Benefits of International Financial Reporting Standards There is greater comparability of financial statements. Companies from differe nt countries can easily compare their accounts. Using different rules in the preparation would not be possible and good for investment. The statements can be compared in all the financial markets irrelevant of where they were prepared. Financial statements prepared using IFRS are more flexible as they are principle based compared to local accounting stan

Economics of Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Economics of Taxation - Essay Example Does the Family Credit alter the marriage penalty or bonus? Under the current 2006 tax system, the value of the personal exemption and standard deduction for household 1 (married couple) would be a consolidated amount of $16, 400. This is made up of the personal exemption of $3200 ($6400 for 2) and a joint standard deduction for the married couple of $10,000. The same value calculated for household 2 amounts to $8200 for personal exemption ($3200) and standard deduction ($5000). As per the Simplified Income Tax Plan proposed by the advisory panel on tax reform, Family Credit replaces the personal exemption and standard deduction. It is available to all taxpayers. For a married couple with no children, it amounts to $3300 whereas for an unmarried taxpayer it is $1650. Assuming that the current income tax brackets prevail, the following comparative analysis would justify whether the taxpayers prefer the old tax code or the new Simplified Tax Plan: 2. Which is more equitable: the current system with the personal exemption and the option to take either the standard or itemized deduction, or the Family Credit which everyone can take, even if they also itemize deductions? Discuss both horizontal and vertical equity and explain your answer. Solution: â€Å"Tax equity focuses on equal treatment of similarly situated taxpayers† (Sommerfeld, Anderson, & Brock 9). There are two tax principles, namely, horizontal equity and vertical equity. Horizontal equity is a basic yardstick used to measure whether tax burdens are fairly distributed. According to this principle, taxpayers with same income should pay the same amount in taxes. On the other hand, the principle of vertical equity is a proponent of the progressive structure of tax assigning high income earners greater responsibility to share the tax bill (Kaplow 1989). Under the current system, personal exemption is available to

Biocentric Egalitarianism and Land Ethic Term Paper

Biocentric Egalitarianism and Land Ethic - Term Paper Example Biocentric egalitarianism advocates for the respect of non-human beings based on moral principles and values. These views reflect similar arguments that humans depend on nature to survive and thus the earth would be a better place without humans (Jonge 23). However, a critical analysis suggests that the moral duty to respect nature can conflict other moral duties. Kantian Moral Philosophy One example where duty to respect can conflict other moral duties is the application of Kant’s theory about animal rights. Kantian moral philosophy asserts that animals are mere instruments, which may be used for human purpose (Korsgaard 3). According Korsgaard, Kant’s point of view about legal rights is not to protect human interests, but to enable each citizen to act justly and for what is good. Kant’s moral philosophy underlines that non-rational animals lack the kind of freedom that rights protect. In particular, it is because human beings are rational beings that they are a ble to choose how they want to live (5). However, Kant’s philosophy extends the rights held by human beings to include property rights. According to Kant we have the moral obligation to claim property including animals, and the legal status of such animals is the direct correlate of their moral status as mere means (instruments) (5). Further, according to Kant, we have no moral duty to animals. In contrast, biocentrism upholds the need to make moral consideration towards non-human species. From this perspective, the conflict between Kant’s moral philosophy and the duty to respect nature as maintained by non-anthropocentric ethical position remains apparent with regard to animal rights. To resolve the conflict between Kant’s theory and biocentrism regarding animal rights, it is important to address the interpretation problems associated with the humanity formula. This is especially because faced with such a situation would require one to decide to follow the huma nity formulary as applied by Kant or to stick with the rationality formulary defined in biocentrism. Libertarianism Another example of a conflict between non-anthropocentric ethical position about duty to respect nature and other moral duties is the issue of ‘forest justice’ as seen in the lenses of libertarianism. According to libertarianism, forests and indeed biodiversity, has value only to the extent that it contributes to the expansion of individual freedom (Holsinka 3). The ‘forest justice’ can be illustrated by attempts by governments to transfer property rights to local communities to enable them benefit from forest resources. In anthropocentric ethical philosophy, human beings are viewed as separate identities based on self-interest and altruistic humanism. According to Kopnina, anthropocentrism grants intrinsic value to human beings. On the other hand, biocentrism emphasizes on the intrinsic value for ecosystems including humans, plant and animal species. This disconnect represents a broader inconsistency within the fields of environmental conservation. The main concern is that support for environmental conservation appears to be motivated by utilitarian and instrumental ethics. Just like biodiversity, we place value on forests because we think we might need it, we like it or we ought to. Non-anthropocentric ethical position would emphasize on the instrumental value of forests-that

Operational Risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operational Risk management - Essay Example For chemical agents, hazard is distinct by biologic activity possible - cell obliteration, change or metabolic interference (Teneyuca, D, 2001, pp. 54-59). Exposure is the quantity of the substance available for uptake into the life form. For a physical agent, the danger is defined by the scale of the agent's aptitude to release or broadcast energy to the life form. Exposure is the incidence to which the life form is exposed to the manager. Become a documented business advisor to management by thinking deliberately. Focus on how EHS initiatives and savings contribute to better employee physical condition and safety, and at the similar occasion, add to business procedure improvements, client satisfaction, and productivity, manufactured goods quality, commerce growth and, in the end, enhanced financial presentation. In this piece of writing, we desire to focus on the part of a plan that eliminates operational risk. Operational risk and improved security performance are two sides of the similar coin. Risk, risk receipt and risk management are issues decision-making management can appreciate because it is akin to commerce risk, which they contract with routinely. Business risk is a multiplicative association flanked by the value of assets and the exposure of those assets to business and monetary markets. Risk Assessment and Management According to the expert analysis Wharton (1992) concludes that risk appraisal is the articulation of risks in terms of their probability and seriousness. Risks should be concentrating on from the create of a project, at theoretical stages and then watched intimately as scheme go on. Insight in to early project factors probable to threaten project success determination help project mangers and other stakeholders to better forecast the probability of their projects achievement (Proccaccino, 2002). Many organisations approximately the world enumerate risks of new IT infrastructures based on risk organization techniques quite that just happening on a scheme. This is due to the disaster cause by IT failures in the past (Yourdon, E and Constantine, L, 2005). A typical instance would be the London Ambulance armed forces effort to mechanize ambulances at dangerous periods around London, which misshapen when brought online, no risk appraisal or unforeseen event was developed to run and resol ve risks. Poor supplies are involved in most scheme failures (Verner, 2002). The requirements require to be addressed by risk assessment and organization techniques. Risk organization, the process of commerce with the recognized and assessed risks (Wharton 1992). Risk organization techniques and methodologies can be put into practice inside organisations to battle risks at the early stage of the lifecycle, for instance at the start and assortment stages, risk analysis identifies risks and then at the assessment stages of IT project, risks organization can be criticised and better for the prospect. Proactive and Reactive Approaches to Risk Management Risk assessment and danger evaluation at the start stages can take shape in two dissimilar ways. Firstly risks can be recognized by the organization in a reactive way, this is at what time risks are merely combated

Machiavelli's view of human nature in The Prince Essay

Machiavelli's view of human nature in The Prince - Essay Example Machiavelli's view of human nature in The Prince In chapter 15, Machiavelli writes, â€Å"men†¦and princes†¦, are remarkable for some of those qualities which bring them either blame of praise† (Machiavelli, 1961). The princes show those characters that will not deprive him of his state. In this case, men follow what brings them benefit even if it is a vice – â€Å"it will be found that something which looks like a virtue, if followed, would be his ruin; whilst something else, which looks like a vice, yet followed brings him security and prosperity.† Being in the highest position of the land, and with the highest authority, the prince should put in effect policies that will serve his best interest (Machiavelli, 1961). This shows that Machiavelli supported any action of princes that will give them satisfaction, even if it will hurt the citizens. He believed that the prince’s followers are sometimes unreliable, and the prince might lose their loyalty. This is indicated in chapter 11: â€Å"For such a prince cannot rely upon what he observes in quiet times, when citizens have need of the state, because then everyone agrees with him; they all promise, and when death is far distant they all wish to die for him; but in troubled times, when the state has need of its citizens, then he finds but few† (Machiavelli, 1961). The prince should therefore ensure that at every moment citizens are in need of the state, and they will always be faithful to him.

Orlando Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Orlando - Essay Example It also explores the complex nature of cultural interpretations that emerge when roles change with emphasis on Orlando’s sudden transformation in the movie. Sally Potter’s film Orlando is a brilliant cinematic production that articulates several issues especially from a gender context as noted by Judith Butler, a cultural theorist in her essay. The film is set in the Elizabethan Age prior to Queen’s death. However, the Queen is keen to bequeath a young nobleman called Orlando a piece of land as gift to erect a castle for himself. Gender echoes significantly as observed by Butler in terms it being constituted over a certain period (Butler 519). In other words, gender is usually affirmed as a distinct identity institutionalized via repeated acts as displayed by Lady Orlando after discovering the shacking sex transformation of her husband, Orlando. It is a complex manifestation fuelled by language as the medium of communication in comprehending movements, gestures, and enactments of being. Accordingly, while Potter’s film casts the central characters as persevering against the backdrop of lawsuits especially in the pat riarchal era, the prospects of triumph are encouraging. Similarly, Lady Orlando’ lack of powers in matters concerning land rights is an epitome of identity crisis that usually afflicts societies such as the one depicted in the film. Overall, gender transformation expands possibilities for the social audience concerned with the fate and destiny of characters that include Princess Sasha, Clorinda, Favilla, and Euphrosyne. Another interesting issue emerging from the movie is tied to Butler’s assertion that the conception of gender identity is a belief inspired by appearance. In Orlando, for illustration, the clash of gender and historical situations such as the passing of Queen Elizabeth I displays the comfort in leadership that inspired Lady Orlando and her husband before his gender

Innovation and Enterprise Buisness plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovation and Enterprise Buisness plan - Essay Example ......................4 3.2 Opportunity specification indicating costs and payback.......................5 3.3 Staffing of the proposal.........................................................................7 3.4 Application of the proposal to future planning......................................8 4. Conclusion...................................................................................................9 References...............................................................................................................10 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Competition is a characteristic of every market and thus, businesses have to come up with ways that they can use to deal with the competition in their market. In the sector of petroleum engineering, the competition is high since the number of businesses dealing in exploration and sale of oil and gas products is very high. The report aims at giving one strategy that can be used by a business to increase its customer base. The strategy d iscussed in the report is introduction of new products in the market through exploration. Chevron is petroleum engineering Coorporation based in California, which mainly deals with exploration and sale of crude oil, natural gas, and other petroleum products. The report gives the details that the company will follow in its proposal of exploring a new petroleum reservoir in UK. Therefore, the report will analyse such issues as the staffs required, the financial analysis, and the use of the proposal in future planning of the company. 2. INTRODUCTION Chevron Company was started in the year 1879 as Pacific Coast Oil Copmany. It is in the year 1984 that its name was changed to Chevron, after a merger with a company referred to as Gulf Oil Corporation. The company explores, produces and transports crude oil and natural gas. In addition, the company also manufactures and transports petroleum products. Over the years, it has also managed to generate power and produce renewable energy sources such as geothermal energy. Chevron Corporation is recognized as one of the leading energy companies in the world due to its high capacity fuel production. For instance, the company produces over 2.5 million barrels of oil per day. Despite this high production, the company still desires to explore more oil in order to meet the increasing energy demands of the world. Therefore, the company is planning a project that will aid in aid in exploration of a certain identified oil reservoir. The major objective of the exploration is to assist the company to increase its production capacity. The products manufactured thereafter will also widen the market of the company since; customers will have a variety of petroleum products from which to choose. In addition, the company will be able to meet customers demand for energy. 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.0 Goals and Objectives The key goals and objectives of the project are to ensure increased and diversified variety of energy sources in the company (Kahn,  2006, 5). In addition, the project also aims at increasing the number of customers served by the company. On the other hand, other factors such as competition and increased demand for petroleum products have also caused the company to consider exploring the new oil reservoir. This is because; the company will be more competitive in the market if it serves more variety of products than its competitors do. The company also has a goal of meeting the customers’ needs that have not yet been met. For instance, some customers

The Sinews of Peace Essay Example for Free

The Sinews of Peace Essay I am thankful to Westminster College for giving me an honorary degree this afternoon. It is in this institution where I received a very large part of my education in politics, dialectic, rhetoric, and other things. I am thankful also to the President of the United States, despite of his heavy burdens, duties, and responsibilities, managed to introduce me to this academic audience. I am going to offer this Address which I called â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† today to which I have listed solutions to the threats that our countries, and the world, are facing. The first thing that I would like to consider in this speech is the problem with security. Our society faces two great dangers: war and tyranny. These two dangers threaten the millions of people and their dreams of freedom and progress. When these threats are not solved, the future of our people is at stake from what has been called â€Å"the unestimated sum of human pain†. The difference between the Communist East and the Democratic West had resulted to confrontation and deliberate movement to establish a dominion in the world. It resulted to wars and political divisions, especially in Europe where the two major ideologies clash. The famous iron curtain that divides the Europe into two parts, the Democratic West and the Communist East, is one of the results of this differences in ideologies. Russia does not aim for war but desires for the fruits of war which is the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines and it begins with their control upon the states around the iron curtain where they kept their sphere of influence. To provide security from the threats of war and tyranny, we need to have a unified force in Europe, America, and the rest of the world who will deter any attempts of destabilizing our freedom. This is accomplished through the United Nations Organization. However, due to the increase in power and influence of the Soviet Communist rule, the threats are becoming increasingly perceptible. What we need is an international armed force that will safeguard our freedom. During some serious situations, we know that American military men make an â€Å"over-all strategic concept†. This concept however is simply the safety and welfare, the freedom and progress, of all people in this planet. The next thing they do after having proclaimed the concept and computed the resources is to provide a method. The American people demonstrated its might twice in both wars against the Communist countries who sought expansion of their power and doctrines. The United States sits in the pinnacle of world power today. But the United States was not alone in its struggle for the freedom and progress of all people. The British Commonwealth had long been struggling for unity over the European continent. Its ties with other countries had produced fruitful results. The presence of the Communist sphere of influence prevents us in achieving this goal. However, it shall be known that the future of war and tyranny can be determined by the actions we make today. To the threats of war and tyranny, the United Nations Organization, the successor of the League of Nations, which is aimed at preventing war, must equip itself with an international armed force. This force must come from the countries who share the same ideologies, that is, the preservation of freedom and progress. The United States and the British Commonwealth forces, when combined, will result to an overwhelming assurance of security. We can provide security to our people from the horrors and miseries of war and tyranny that will extend to the future population through unity of the English-speaking Commonwealth and the United States. References: Churchill, W. S. (1946). The Sinews of Peace [Electronic Version]. Retrieved April 24, 2007, from North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) website: http://www.nato.int/docu/speech/1946/s460305a_e.htm

Troll Brothers SWOT Analysis Essay Example for Free

Troll Brothers SWOT Analysis Essay Toll Brothers designs, builds, markets and arranges financing for single family homes in middle and high income residential communities. It caters to ‘move-up’, ‘empty-nester’ and ‘age-qualified’ homebuyers. During the five years ended 2006, the company delivered 33,338 homes from 570 communities, including 8,601 homes from 350 communities in fiscal 2006 (Toll Brothers website, 2008). Its large scale of operations increases Toll Brothers bargaining power and helps it compete effectively against regional players. However, slowdown in the US housing market has resulted in lower demand for the companys products and has adversely affected its operations (Stabile and Whitten, 2000). The company offers comprehensive services for its customers. The company offers an extensive selection of colors and designs, such as marble and hardwood floors, Corian, granite, and a variety of selections for the homes exterior. The company’s offering of one-stop shopping enables home buyers to make all of their selections, both customization and color selections, in one location. In most of its single-family detached-home communities, the company offer at least four different house floor plans, each with several substantially different architectural styles. During the past year, the company introduced 112 new single-family detached models, 82 new single-family attached models and 81 new condominium models. In the homebuilding industry, consolidation has taken place with the largest builders making significant gains in market share. In 1991, the top ten builders built just 9% of the houses in the US, but by 2001, through a combination of internal growth and acquisition, the number had risen to 18%; in 2003, the number was above 20% (Hassell, Wong, Houser, Knopman and Bernstein, 2003). Homebuilding is an industry where small builders are having increasing difficulty in competing with their larger competitors. Compared to this, bigger companies like Toll Brothers could acquire smaller players to increase its share of the market. WORKS CITED Hassell, S., Wong, A., Houser, A., Knopman, D. Bernstein, M. (2003). Building Better Homes: Government Strategies for Promoting Innovation in Housing. Santa Monica, California: Rand. Stabile, D. Whitten, D. (2000). Community Associations: The Emergence and Acceptance of a Quiet Innovation in Housing. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Toll Brothers website. (2008). Toll Brothers. Accessed March 25, 2008, from http://www.tollbrothers.com.

Iraq (Cultures of the World) | Book

Iraq (Cultures of the World) | Book Introduction Hassig and Al Adely argue in their book known as Iraq: Culture of the world, that Iraq has been a major discussion featured in news all over the world in the last ten years of the 20th century and in the early years of the 21st century. Its ancient history has fascinated and owed many though triggering the international community to have many negative reactions. In ancient days, Iraq was known as Mesopotamia meaning â€Å"land between two rivers-the Euphrates and the Tigris† with Arabs, Sumerians, Turks and Babylonians contributing to the prosperity of the country. This has made Iraq to be known as â€Å"the cradle of civilization.† They later discuss Iraqs climate, geography, fauna, governance, economy, flora and the countrys history as discussed below. Geography Iraqs geography is made of mountains in the north, marshland on river banks and deserts in the south. The Iraq terrain is rugged seen in the citizens who live in poverty and war though still holding to their religion, beliefs, customs and interests. The countrys geographical location is in the south western region of Asia. Iraqs fertile land is found between the two rivers which has supported agriculture for many years. Although besides the lands fertility, the countrys topography and vegetation is changing drastically with west and southern parts changing into deserts and the north transforming into cold mountainous regions. There are steppe desert plains towards the west. This makes the place to be scarcely populated due to the rocky terrain plus the harsh climatic conditions. The northern foothills region receives abundant rainfall thus producing a lot of grain for the country. The foothills have many archeological sites like the ancient city of Assyria. The northeastern mountains are inhabited by many people due to its fertile land for pastures and the favorable cool climate. The later is also the land with richest oil fields. Although, being remote, the mountains act as a shelter for criminals and rebels. Climate Iraq is discussed to have unreliable climate. The north experiences freezing cold winters and very hot summers; the west is a desert thus dry; eastern sides are tropical thus humid. Iraq is a dry country. Averagely, the countrys summer temperatures range from 24to 43 degrees Celsius while 4 to 16 degrees Celsius in winter. It receives little rainfall, approximately 130cm per year. The rain evaporates quickly making the country to depend on irrigation for cultivation. Rarely the country experiences destructive floods. Flora The country has a variety of vegetation due to the different climates experienced. Examples of trees growing in the high altitude are alpine plants, oak trees, juniper and hawthorn. The vegetation grows sparingly due to the elevated salt concentration and the unfavorable climate. The country has desert flora which survive in the hot summer and thrive in the in spring after rainfall. Dates are also grown many parts of Iraq. The plant is referred to as â€Å"the plant of life† due to its many uses. It is used to make a variety of dishes, the palm is used for weaving and date pits are ground to create a beverage. Fauna The country has little fauna in relation to its size. Mostly, individuals keep camels as they survive very well in deserts. They require little water for survival and can travel long distances. The deserts have a variety of nocturnal animals. The Euphrates and Tigris provide a habitat for fresh water fish. Iraq has many cities examples are Baghdad, Basra, Mosul and Kirkuk. Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, grew from a small village which had become the heart of traditions and education. Right now, it is the center of government with many industries i.e. oil industries and food processors. The city was greatly affected by the gulf wars. Their bombs targeted armed forces and administration buildings mainly the governments. Currently, the city is being renovated. Though, this process is being slowed by international permits that stop countries from supplying Iraq with building materials. History Iraq has the best history. It is believed to be the root of civilization in 3500B.C. An example is the cylinder seals found there. They were pressed into clay and used to create signatures. The city built ziggurat which are pyramid shaped temples that made weapons and measuring gadgets. The authors also talks about the countries golden age and the foreign conquest. Iraq was then declared an independent kingdom in October 1932. The country was later faced with problems internally and with neighboring countries. In the late 1940s, the country faced economic crisis caused by worldwide shortages and the mass exodus of Jews to Israel from Iraq. This was also as a result of World War II. In 1991, there was an Iraq-Iran war which drastically affected their economy. Hussein and Al-Sabath family governing Kuwaiti disagreed on various issues. Oil fields lied in their border causing them to quarrel since 1958. Overproduction of oil by Kuwait to recover money to pay their loaner, lowered oil prices which also affected Iraq. Later, Hussein organized groups to attack Kuwait causing the Al-Sabath to exile to Saudi Arabia. United Nations reacted by sanctioning economic approval on Iraq that the country could not export their oil. United Nations created military troops by December 1990 which used force to vacate Iraq troops from Kuwait. Iraq did not withdraw from Kuwait and thus United Nations organized to attack Iraq. This affected Iraq as the war claimed 100,000 lives of Iraqis. Government The country had dictatorship governance since 1979 during Saddam Husseins reign. The weapons used against Iraq affected them. Weapons made of poisons that could spread through water and air was used against Iraq. Iraq planned a terrorist attack and later attacked United States in September 2001. This has been causing quarrels between the two countries up to date. U.S government prepared to attack Iraq, although people who took part in the first Gulf War II were against it. Iraq, under Saddam Hussein, was producing mass destruction weapons which the U.S government targeted to destroy. The second gulf war began on 19th of March, 2003 when the U.S government planned missiles to a palace that was believed to have Saddam Hussein and his family hiding. The bombers targeted Iraq cities that are scarcely populated to avoid massacre and destroying the infrastructure. However, they were met by organized guerrilla opposition that was very fierce and this resistance never materialized. The U.S Special Forces planned and with the backing from the Kurdish militias they took over the oil fields in the north. Tikrit, Husseins hometown was taken by the U.S troop and Iraqis celebrated his down fall. The main agenda of the war was to replace Saddam Husseins dictatorship rule. Desperation of the Iraqis caused them to rob museums, institution and citadels of their leaders. The Iraqis who had flown from the country started to go back to the country and declaring themselves leaders in both religious and political fields. There was no clear governance. U.S assigned their factories to re store the destroyed infrastructure. Citizens built hope for brighter future in 2003 after the collapse of military authoritarianism. Iraq developed into a sovereign state from the association of countries authorized by British government on 3rd of October,1932 and transferred its leadership from an Alliance of Provisional Power to Iraq government on 28th of June,2004. Thus the government has a parliamentary democracy type of governance. Economy Iraq claims to have 143 barrels of crude oil and in 2009 it signed a major production deal with international oil companies. The country has set a target of 2.2million barrels for 2011 after the steady rise in shipments from the Kurdish region. Conclusion In conclusion, Iraq as a country has fantastic geographical and archeological sites with variable climate. The harsh climatic conditions experienced has made the country to depend on irrigation for agriculture and has also minimized the types of animals domesticated by Iraqis i.e. most of them keep camels. The country is portrayed to be rich with oil though being devastated with the recurrent war and bad governance. Globally, renaissance of producing oil and gas in Iraq would help reduce oil prices globally. This would assist in increasing oil quantity after the sharp worldwide depression that occurred in 2008-2009 which led to a steady increase in its price. Iraq has the possibility to become one of the worlds chief oil manufacturers given its vast oil resources. Overpowering rebels in the Middle East of Iraq has helped Iraq which is now progressing. This book explores Iraqs geography, past, government, wealth, citizens, and traditions.